Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Household Water Treatment following Emergencies and Disasters-a Review
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Uncontaminated water does not occur in nature. Water gets contaminated by various gases, minerals, agricultural activities and urbanization. Various types of micro-organisms also contaminate water. Water has to undergo a purification process before it can be used for drinking purposes. During emergencies like floods, earthquakes and epidemics; families often lack access to safe and pure water for drinking purposes. In these situations there is a dire need to purify water at home to stop the occurrence of diseases like gastroenteritis. Treating water at the household level has been shown to be one of the most effective and cost-effective means of preventing waterborne disease in development and emergency settings. Various methods to purify household water and generate pure water are being used like chemical disinfection, filtration, solar disinfection, combined flocculation/chlorination system, boiling and safe storage. Promoting household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) helps vulnerable populations to take charge of their own water security by providing them with the knowledge and tools to treat their own drinking water.
Keywords
Household Water, Emergency, Water Treatment, Disinfection, Disaster
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Water Wikipedia [home page on the internet]; 2009 [cited 2009 March 23]. Available from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water
- K. Park, Preventive and Social Medicine, M/S Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, 20th Edition, 2009, Pg 617-634.
- Water purification-Wikipedia [home page on the internet]; 2009 [cited 2009 March 23]. Available from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Water_purification.
- WHO. Progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, 1990-2005 [monograph on the internet]; 2005 [cited 2011 February 2]. Available from: http://unstats/un.org/unsd/ mi/goals_2005/goal_4.pdf
- Promotion of Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage in UNICEF Wash Programmes [monograph on the internet] 2008; [cited 2011 February 11]. Available from: www.unicef.org
- Mc Kinney and Schoch, Environmental Science Systems, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 3rd Edition, 2003, Pg 366-372.
- World Health Organization. Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Following Emergencies And Disasters. Water, Sanitation and Health [monograph on the internet]; 2002 [cited 2009 March 15]. Available from: www.who.int/ water_sanitation_health /hygiene / emergencies/em2002chap7.pdf;
- Water treatment methods [monograph on the internet]; 2005 [cited 2011 February 11]. Available from: www.high-altitude-medicine.com/ water.html
- Stanfield G, Lechevallier M, Snozzi M. Treatment Efficiency, Water Treatment and Pathogen Control: Process Efficiency in Achieving Safe Drinking Water. World Health Organization [serial on the internet]; 2004 [cited 2009 March 15]. Available from: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/en/watreatpath.pdf
- Daniele S. Lantagne, Robert Quick, and Eric D. Mintz. Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Options in Developing Countries: A review of current implementation practices [monograph on the internet]; 2005 [cited 2011 February 11]. Available from: http:// www.wilsoncenter. o rg/topics/pubs/ WaterStoriesHousehold.pdf
- Water disinfection methods. Part 1 [monograph on the internet]; 2005 [cited 2011 February 11]. Available from: www. free drinking water.com
- Household water treatment and safe storage [monograph on the internet]; 2011 [cited 2011 February 11]. Available from: www.who.int/ household_water/en
Abstract Views: 199
PDF Views: 0