Psychosocial Characteristics of Human Trafficking: A Systematic Review

The phenomenon of human trafficking is one of contemporary issue being seriously concerned. Its characteristics are repressive to human exploitation destination (individual or group)as well as a direct implication on human rights violations. Victim of trafficking has characteristics social typical for trading. The purpose of systematic review was to identify the psychosocial characteristics of human trafficking victims. Systematic search on March 12, 2019, in the data of Proquest, Springer Link, Scopus by key word Psychosocial Characteristics of Victims of Human Trafficking during 2013 -2018. The results found 13 appropriate journal that included into inclusion criteria, they were peer-reviewed journals in English, all forms of exploitation, the samples were aged >15 years old. The results based on a). Demographic data Age (adults/children), gender, marital status, education level, place of residence (urban/rural), regional trade (national/international), religion, type of work, economic conditions before trading. b) Variable of exposures (smuggling status, the process of departure, detention in camps, forgery/fraud documents, employment status, obscure country of work, type of work). c) Method of recruitment using social media (Backpage, Facebook, dating website) and invited directly by recruiters. d) Type of exploitation (household slavery, exploitation of labor, financial exploitation, sexual exploitation). e) Characteristics of the exposure (restriction of movement, drug use, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, restriction/confinement, physical violence, the background to the incident trafficking, race, home life, relationships with parents/carers/ family members, economic opportunities, the recruiters-victim relationship, trust in strangers, lack of social support), f).Psychosocial variables as the impact of trafficking (the abuse of alcohol/drugs, involved in crime and a fugitive/police targets). Required a prevention effort to group or individual who had the same characteristics, thus, they did not fall to the incidence of trafficking.