Decoding the Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Periodontitis

An increased rate of morbidity and mortality due to chronic kidney disease is a commonly witnessed issue these days. Hypertension, diabetes and other heart-related issues are some of the many factors that induce and at times, can worsen the cases of chronic kidney disease. Periodontal diseases, usually getting originated by gram negative bacteria and associated with systemic inflammatory response, cause degeneration and loss of attachment of the supporting tooth structure, which gradually makes up low grade to severe inflammation of the periodontium.

Not only during the various phases of the disease,but also during various treatment modalities like hemodialysis, renaltransplant, the supplement of various elements and intake of certain drugs also worsen the status of periodontal diseases. Stress and other psychosomatic disorders associated with chronic kidney disease also play a vital role in neglecting one’s regular oral hygiene measures. Uremia, one of the most highlighting features associated with later stages of chronic kidney disease causes a great disruption in the fluid and electrolyte balance. Not merely the bacterial biofilm cause senormous loss to the periodontium; but also, the host inflammatory response adds on to the deprivation and contributes highly to the severe attachment loss of the supporting structures of the tooth. This review aims at understanding the mechanisms which interconnect these two chronic diseases and the role of dentists in managing a patient with chronic kidney disease.