The Transmission, Virulence and Etiology of an Epidemic Ailment "Plague" - A Crucial Review

Plague is often fatal with out prompt and appropriate treatment. It affects mainly poor and remote populations. Late diagnosis is one of the major causes of human death and spread of the disease, since it limits the effectiveness of control measures. There are currently no approved vaccines for protection against this organism. The current U.S. Department of Defense candidate plague vaccine is a fusion between two Yersinia pestis. Also the protein recombinant models by which the proteins significantly augmented the IgG antibody response to the plague vaccine increased the probability of survival in murine models of plague. However, the attenuated plague vaccine still caused a high rate of severe local and systemic reactions in humans. Now, Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for infectious diseases are of much value in facilitation of major improvements in disease management, especially in developing countries. The integration of the recombinant DNA into the nuclear genome of the plant cell is the most widely used strategy for production of plant-made Vaccine. Plant-made vaccine antigens can be delivered to a mucosal surface. Mucosal surfaces lining the digestive tract, respiratory tract and genitourinary tract are the most important portals of entry for mammalian pathogens. Thus, focus on plant-made vaccine against Y.pestis would lead us for approved vaccine development and plague management.