Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Richa Singh ¹, Anurag Upadhaya ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Vasanta Collage for Women, Varanasi, UP, IN
2 Government Inter College, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Attention plays crucial role in our daily life activities. Variety of behavioral inefficiencies during old age may result due to age related changes in attention. Among cognitive changes which accompany healthy ageing, changes in attentional ability is the fundamental one. Vigilance performance tends to decline as the age increases. Orienting attention towards a particular location leads to better processing of information at that location thereby improving performance. Previous studies have shown improvement in vigilance performance when the paradigm of orienting was combined with vigilance. Present study examined the age difference in vigilance performance when the attention was oriented exogenously, using spatial cueing paradigm. Cues were presented at peripheral location at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 300ms. Target and non-target was the square of size 3.3 cm 3.0 cm respectively. The participant's task was to pay attention to the cue and then to make a speeded decision about the presence or absence of the target by pressing the response key. A 2 (Age Group: Young and Old) x 3 (Cue validity: valid, invalid and neutral) x 3 (Time period: 3 Blocks of 10 min. each) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measure on last two factor. Correct detection (hits), incorrect detection (F.A.) and reaction time were recorded as performance measures. Results revealed that performance was facilitated under valid cue condition for both young and old adults. Overall detection was more for young adults while vigilance decrement was more for older adults than young adults. It further indicated qualitative difference on vigilance performances in young and old adults.

Keywords

Age Differences, Vigilance Task Performance.

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Gagan Prit Kaur ¹, Richa Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Vasanta College for Women, Rajghat Fort, BHU, Varanasi, IN

Abstract

Ageing is as real as mortality for all living beings and ageing brings certain brain related changes which causes changes in cognitive functioning. Inhibition of return (IOR) is a phenomenon related to attention and it is an important cognitive process which is affected by ageing. IOR refers to the phenomenon of delaying of response to cued location as the gap between cue and target presentation (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony, SOA) increases. The present paper is an attempt to explore the phenomenon of IOR and whether the ageing process influences IOR. Studies reviewed indicated contradictory findings. Some studies found similar IOR effects in both younger and older adults. While other studies had reported age related differences, i.e., older adults exhibit greater magnitude and longer and continuous effects of IOR than younger adults.

Keywords

Ageing, Attention, Inhibition of Return (IOR), Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA).

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Richa Singh ¹, J. Mahto ², Deapti Mishra ²

Affiliations
1 Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Clinical Psychology, Postgraduate Institute of Behavioural and Medical Sciences, Manopchar, Raipur, IN

Abstract

To see the attention and concentration, intellectual functioning and visuo-spatial functioning of the patient with epilepsy as compared to normal epileptic group. Epilepsy is one of the most commonly encountered organic illnesses in psychiatric set-up. It is the second most common chronic neurological condition seen by neurologists. It is estimated that there are 55,00,000 persons with epilepsy in India (Shridharan, 2002). Epilepsy is a name of the brain disorder characterized by predominantly by recurrent and unpredictable interruptions of normal brain function called epileptic seizures. The effects of epilepsy are felt in multiple aspects of the person's life, including physical and mental health, cognitive function, educational achievements, vocational prospects, and family and peer relations (Jalava, 1997). Cognition, which includes processes such as intelligent thinking, perceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, expressing, and understanding, has an important role in the inception, evolution, and manifestation of many of these other aspects of function recognized to be compromised in people with epilepsy. To examine these cognitive disturbances and other seventy, psychological tests can be regarded as an important instrument.

Keywords

Epilepsy, Attention and Concentration, Intelligence, Visuo-Spatial Functioning.

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Anjali Edbor ¹, Pankaj Singh ¹, Sambanthan Athithan ¹, Richa Singh ¹, Shyam Kartikey Diwedi ¹

Affiliations
1 NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, Digdoh Hills, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

The present paper is an attempt to examine adolescent attitude towards school satisfaction. It also studies the gender difference and problem areas. Sample for the study includes 112 students (56 adolescent boys, and adolescent girls) between the age group of 11-15 years, at different schools from Nagpur. The data were analyzed with the help of compared "t" test, an analysis of variance showed a Mean of Adolescent boy's school satisfaction 65.78, and adolescent girls Mean 79.78, and t-value is -6.536, significant at 0.05 levels. An analysis of other (Conners 3™ Self Report Short questionnaires) a Mean of Adolescent boys is 46.73, and adolescent girls Mean 37.19 and t-value is 9.630, significant at 0.05 level. Based on study, there is a new emphasis not only on arranging the learning environment or school satisfaction, but also on the prevention of many learning and behavior problem that stem from an ill-considered learning environment and school satisfaction, too many students with learning and attention problem are refusing or failing-not because of their own inadequacies but because an inconsiderate learning environment and school satisfaction makes learning difficult for them.

Keywords

School Satisfaction Inventory (SASSI), Conners 3™ Self Report Short Questionnaires, Learning Disability.

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Anurag Upadhaya ¹, Richa Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Government Inter College, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Psychology, Vasanta Collage for Women, Varanasi, U.P., IN

Abstract

The topic of vigilance behavior in today's work setting such as air traffics control (ATC), industrial quality control, sonar and radar operations etc. is gaining much importance among cognitive neuroscientists, academicians, researches as well as psychologists. Like other cognitive capacities, the capacity to sustain attention i.e. vigilance, has been considered to represent a limited resource. This is regarded as the most important determinant of the vigilance decrement. The majority of investigators report large individual differences in susceptibility to decrement. Thus, personality has been found to affect vigilance performance across time periods, besides other individual difference factors. Extraversion and introversion is the central dimension of human personality which differs from each other in terms of cortical arousal level. Researches demonstrated that introverts, who had high level of arousal, showed less decrement function than extraverts, having low activation. But in several experimental studies hypothesized of greater decrement for extraverts was not supported. Moreover, the pattern of vigilance decrement changed with the time of day. Thus, as the technical development is growing rapidly, it has become increasingly necessary to examine how vigil function changes with personality type and task demand and to understand the extent to which these changes can affect their functioning. The researches on the personality aspect, until recently, have been limited in scope while it plays important role in predicting decline reactions during vigil. The present study examined the relationship of personality and sustained task performance. The experiment was conducted on 30 students of Banaras Hindu University (M±SD=22.35year±2.55). Participants were classified as introverts (N = 15) and extraverts (N = 15) based on their EPQ-R score. Performances in terms of correct and incorrect detection were collected.

Keywords

Vigilance, Vigilance Decrement, Individual difference.

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