Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Supriya Sioni ¹, Kamayani Mathur ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IN
2 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus(DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (WHO 1999). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic conditions among children.With 70,000 newly diagnosed young people every year, the prevalence of type 1 DM is growing globally.Patients with diabetes must make a series of daily decisions involving nutrition, physical activity, medication,blood glucose monitoring, and stress management. Empowerment plays a big role in managing diabetes. Patient empowerment refers to a process where people gain greater control over decisions affecting their health. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between Diabetes Empowerment and type 1 diabetics in relation to Glycemic control and gender. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 40 type 1 diabetics equally divided genderwise and as per their glycemic control from various hospitals of Ahmedabad aged 15-25 years. Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES) was used to measure diabetes-related psycho-social self-efficacy.The results were statistically analysed using 't' test. The findings revealed that diabetes empowerment was found to be more in diabetics having good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.5) than diabetics having poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.5). Type 1 female diabetics had better empowerment than male diabetics.

Keywords

Diabetes, Empowerment, Glycemic Control.

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Rutuja Karkhanis ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Menopause is understood as the permanent cessation of menstruation as a result of the loss of ovarian activity which may lead various physical and mental health problems (WHO, 1999). The aim of the study was to examine the impact of physical distress and Psychological Distress in women undergoing through the phase of menopause A sample of 300 women of Pre, Peri and Post Menopause phase were taken which were equally divided into 100 each. To measure the Physical and Psychological Distress in women, Cornell Medical Health Index(1947) was used. Spear men correlation method was used to measure the between correlation between phases of menopause and physical & psychological distress. The findings of the study showed that there is a positive correlation between pre menopausal phase and psychological (r=6.66). Peri menopausal phase has a positive correlation between the physical distress(r=14.63) and psychological distress(r=5.89). Post menopausal has a positive correlation between Physical Distress(r=1.00) and psychological distress(r=1.00).

Keywords

Menopause, Pre Menopause, Peri Menopause, Post Menopause, Menstruation, Physical Distress.

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Jharna Ganguly ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Philosophy & Education, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Transgender are stigmatized in many parts of the world but has become more widely known in Western culture in the mid to late 20th century, concurrently with the sexual revolution and the development of sexual reassignment surgeries. The aim of present research was to study and compare personality and its various dimension (neuroticism-emotional stability, extraversion-introversion) as well as social adjustment. A total sample of 30 trans gender was selected by stratified sampling method as representative sample and was further divided as per age group (25 to 35 and age 35 to 47 years) and area of habitat (urban; rural). Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) (Jalota & Kapoor, 1975) and Social Adjustment Inventory (SAI-D) (Deva, 2005) were selected as tools. The collected data was analysed using statistical software package and students 't' test was calculated. The findings showed a significant difference between the dimensions of Neuroticism-Emotional stability, Extraversion/Introversion and the age group and area of habitat of transgender. The calculated results of Social Adjustment Inventory indicated a significant difference between the area of habitat and the emotional adjustment of transgender. It can be inferred that due to the discrimination they face since school that they never have enough confidence to continue studying and become eligible for all the white collar jobs. The main problems that are being faced by the transgender community are of discrimination, unemployment, lack of educational facilities, homelessness, lack of medical facilities like HIV care and hygiene, depression, hormone pill abuse, tobacco and alcohol abuse, penectomy and problems related to marriage and adoption.

Keywords

Personality, Social Adjustment, Transgender.

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Supriya Sioni ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus(DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (WHO,1999). Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop. This form was previously referred to as "non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" (NIDDM). Distress is a term which describes a range of symptoms and experiences of an inner life of a person which leads to troubles, confusions and abnormalities. Diabetes is a demanding disease with a major effect on the quality of life of patients and their families. Diabetes Distress (DD) refers to the unique, often hidden emotional burdens and worries that are part of the spectrum of patient experience when managing a severe, demanding chronic disease like diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between DD and type 2 diabetics in relation to exercise and gender. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of 140 type 2 diabetics equally divided gender wise and as per the exercise they do. The sample was selected from various hospitals of Ahmedabad city aged between 30-70 years. Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) was administered to the patients. The results were statistically analysed using two-way analysis of variance (anova). The findings revealed that DD was found to be more in diabetics who didn't exercise than those who did regular exercise. Type 2 diabetics had higher score on DD than male diabetics.

Keywords

Diabetes, Diabetes Distress, Exercise.

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Supriya Sioni ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus(DM)is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (WHO 1999). The prevalence of coexisting hypertension and diabetes appears to be increasing in India. Hypertensive diabetics are more vulnerable to stress because they have to manage two chronic illnesses at the same time. Personality plays an important role in managing chronic illness. The aim of the present study was to find out the personality profile of hypertensive diabetics in relation to their gender and adherence to regimen. Purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 120 hypertensive diabetics equally divided genderwise and as per their adherence to their regimen. The sample was selected from various hospitals of Ahmedabad in the age range of 30-70 years. NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was used to measure the personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) of patients. The results were statistically analysed using two-way analysis of variance (anova). The findings revealed that the trait neuroticism was higher in hypertensive diabetics not adhering to their regimen than hypertensive diabetics adhering to their regimen. Other traits like Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were higher in hypertensive diabetics adhering to their regimen than hypertensive diabetics not adhering to their regimen. Male hypertensive diabetics were higher than female hypertensive diabeticson trait conscientiousness.

Keywords

Diabetes, Hypertension, Adherence, Personality, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience.

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Gitanjali Kapoor ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Diabetes makes many demands on lifestyle and poses debilitating and life-threatening complications which overall have a negative impact on a patient's well-being and social life. India is presently home to 62 million diabetics an increase of nearly 2 million in just one year with more than 50 % of them unacquainted of their condition. Thus the objective of the present research was to study the level of diabetes empowerment and resulting distress in the patients of type 2 diabetes. A total sample of 120 diabetics aged 45 to 70 years equally divided gender-wise was selected from different hospitals of Ahmedabad city through purposive sampling method. The Diabetes Empowerment Scale (Anderson, 2000) and Diabetes Distress Scale (Polonsky, 2005) were administered to the subjects. ANOVA was used to statistically analyze the data. The results revealed that diabetes empowerment was observed to be less in females than in males and more so in the patients with diabetes duration of less than 7 years. Males were found to be better at managing the psychological aspects of diabetes and setting and achieving diabetes goals. Emotional burden, physician related distress and interpersonal distress were observed to be higher in females than in males. Type 2 diabetics with duration of diabetes less than 7 years had more diabetes distress.

Keywords

Diabetes Type 2, Diabetes Empowerment, Diabetes Distress.

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Jessicinta P. Coelho ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Chronic illness is any disorder that persists over a long period and affects the physical, emotional, intellectual, vocational, social and spiritual functioning. (Medical dictionary, 2009). The objective of the present study was to measure the helplessness and general wellbeing in adult patients of Arthritis, Essential Hypertension and Obesity. The total consisted of 120 subjects aged 18 years and above selected from the various hospitals of Ahmedabad city using the purposive sampling technique and were equally divided into 3 groups of chronic illnesses. The Helplessness scale (Mathur & Bhatnagar, 2012) and the P.G.I General Wellbeing Scale (Verma & Verma, 1989) were administered to the subjects. The student's t-test was used to statistically analyze the data. The results indicated that the female patients of arthritis and obesity showed more helplessness as compared to the male patients. Whereas the male patients of essential hypertension showed more helplessness as compared to the female patients of essential hypertension. The patients of obesity showed more helplessness as compared to the patients of arthritis and essential hypertension. The male patients of all the three chronic illness groups showed a better wellbeing level as compared to the female patients of all the three groups. The results on the general wellbeing measure indicated that there was no difference among the three groups of chronic illnesses.

Keywords

Helplessness, General Wellbeing, Arthritis, Essential Hypertension, Obesity.

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Kavisha Raval ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

The kidneys are bean shaped organs that serve several essential roles in humans. The most important function of the kidneys is to remove wastes from the body. When the kidneys do not work as well as they should, the wastes in the body are not removed. This condition can be treated by dialysis wherein accumulated waste is removed from the patients' body either by Hemodialysis (HD) or Peritoneal dialysis (PD). On an average 2,53,050 patients undergo dialysis every month in India. The present research investigated upon the impact of dialysis on life satisfaction of 120 patients undergoing HD or PD. The Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS) had six dimensions viz. Health, Personal, Economic, Marital, Social and Job satisfaction {Alam and Srivastava, 2001.}was administered to the patients. The results were statistically analysed using a 2x2 ANOVA design, findings of the current research indicated that PD patients had significantly higher health satisfaction as compared to HD patients. The males exhibited higher overall life satisfaction compared to females. The PD patients had higher overall life satisfaction compared to HD patients. It was observed that significant interaction effect existed between gender and type of dialysis with regards to overall life satisfaction.

Keywords

Kidneys, Dialysis, Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis, Life Satisfaction.

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Supriya Sioni ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (WHO, 1999). Type 1 DM is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic conditions among children. With 70,000 newly diagnosed young people every year, the prevalence of type 1 DM is growing globally (IDF, 2011). Distress is a term which describes a range of symptoms and experiences of an inner life of a person which leads to troubles, confusions and abnormalities. Diabetes Distress (DD) refers to the unique, often hidden emotional burdens and worries that are part of the spectrum of patient experience when managing a severe, demanding chronic disease like diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between DD and type 1 diabetics in relation to gender and presence of clinical comorbidity. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of 40 type 1 diabetics equally divided gender wise and as per the presence of clinical comorbidity. The sample was selected from various hospitals of Ahmedabad city aged between 18-30 years. Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) was administered to the patients. The results were statistically analysed using student's't' test. The findings revealed that DD was found to be more in male type 1 diabetics than female type 1 diabetics. Diabetics with clinical comorbidities had higher DD than diabetics with no clinical comorbidities.

Keywords

Diabetes, Diabetes Distress, Clinical Comorbidities.

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Riddhita Shah ¹, Kamayani Mathur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Philosophy & Education, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Autism is defined as a complex neuro-development disability that typically appears during the first three years of life. Autism impacts development areas like social interaction, communication skills and behaviour. Around 7,00,000 Americans live with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Buescher et al., 2014). According to Rehabilitation Council of India approximately 1 in every 250 personhas Autism. Having an Autistic child might give a devastating experience to the family. Furthermore, lack of societal understanding towards the special needs and requirements of these children would make things worse. Treatment given by the caregiver (Parent) to the child shapes his/her 'self and personality in a characteristic way. This quantitative, purposive sampling study comprised of 40 mothers and 40 fathers of children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder. It also comprised of 20 working and 20 non-working mothers of children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder. The parents were given Questionnaire on Multi-Dimensional Parenting Scale (MDP Scale) to measure parental behaviour in terms of 'mothering' and 'fathering'. The objective of the study is to investigate the parental attitude towards their autistic child. Data analysis revealed high variation of parental behaviour among mothers and fathers. Variation in parental behaviour is also seen among working and non-working mothers.

Keywords

Autism, Parental Treatment, Caregivers.

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Anchal Agarwal ¹, Kamayani Mathur ²

Affiliations
1 Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Philosophy & amp; Education Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN
2 Supervisor, Professor Head, Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Philosophy & amp; Education Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) has become a global concernment due to the increased rate of mortality and compromised quality of life (QoL) among people suffering from this illness. There are many dimensions that influence cardiac patients' QoL and still the amount of research done in India on this topic, especially post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), is meagre. The present study is focused towards evaluating health related quality of life (Hr-QoL) among cardiac patients in a one-month follow-up following the coronary angioplasty treatment and those who have not been through the intervention alongside a healthy control group. Purposive sampling technique was employed in order to select the sample consisting of 65 participants, which included 23 patients coming after one-month of the coronary angioplasty treatment for follow-up, 17 cardiac patients who had undergone angiography assessment and 25 healthy controls. EQ-5D-3L by EuroQol Research Foundation (2018) was used as psychometric tool for data collection. The administration of tool, scoring and interpretation were conducted according to the test manual. Kruskal Wallis H-test was used to statistically analyse the data. The results revealed significant difference amongst the three groups, H (2) = 7.672, p = .022 with regards to the index value of their Hr-QoL. Furthermore, mobility as a domain was found to be most significant H (2) = 7.599, p= .022 in contributing to the difference between these three groups. Thus, it can be construed that cardiac rehabilitation can be remarkably beneficial for improving cardiac patients' Hr-QoL by engaging them in activities that increase their mobility.

Keywords

coronary angioplasty, EQ-5D-3L, health-related quality of life, mobility

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