Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Sheela M. Nicklavos ¹, Joy R. Tungol ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, PH

Abstract

Recurrent violence can bring psychological trauma and instill long lasting effects on individuals and society. In 2008, the state of Odisha succumbed to the cruelest "communal violence" ever faced by the Christian community in post-independent India, leaving many survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. There are no known psychological researches conducted among the Dalit Christian survivors of this communal violence to assess their PTSD symptoms. The focus of this study is to investigate the PTSD symptoms among rural, illiterate and least educated and low-income category of the adult women survivors who are seldom part of any research. Hence, the PTSD measures harvard trauma questionnaire (HTQ) Part I, Part IV, and PCLC were translated to Oriya, the language of the survivors. A total of 211 adult women survivors of communal violence were assessed. The results show that communal violence and social factors affected in the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms among the participants. The findings of our study indicate that among the female adult survivors of communal violence there is prevalence of high PTSD (28.9%) as measured by PCLC and (26.5%) as measured by HTQ.

Keywords

Communal Violence, Kandhamal, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, Women Survivors.

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Sally Davis ¹, Joy R. Tungol ¹

Affiliations
1 The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, IN

Abstract

Loss is a universal experience. Losing a loved one is one of the most agonizing and distressful experiences of an adolescent. It may lead to long-term adverse consequences in terms of emotional, psychological and physical aspects of one's life. Recognizing the need, the researcher aimed to develop a therapeutic intervention Transactional Model of Acceptance Art Therapy (T AA T) to reduce psychological distress among the parentally bereaved female adolescents with prolonged grief and on-going psychological distress. The intervention is based on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping Theory, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy model and Art Therapy. The study was conducted in two phases using a mixed research approach specifically the exploratory-sequential method. The first phase focused on the development and the validation of the intervention and in the second phase through true experimental research method, assessed the efficacy of TAA T. For the data gathering, the study made use of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Prolonged Grief -13, semi-structured interview and focus group discussion. The data were statistically analyzedusing the mean score, paired t-test, and Cohen's d test and results showed that significant difference (p=0.001) at 0.05 level between the pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group measured by DASS-21 and Cohen's d test discovered the great outcome of the program. The findings of the study revealed that the Transactional Model of Acceptance Art Therapy is an operative program for reducing psychological distress among the parentally bereaved female adolescents.

Keywords

Psychological Distress, Parentally Bereaved Female Adolescents, Transactional Model of Acceptance Art Therapy.

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