Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Subhash Chander ¹, Savita Vermani ¹, Ashok Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Sociology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Directorate of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Food security for a country meant sufficient quantity of essential commodities produced, stored properly and made available to all of the people at all times, especially the under privileged sections. The most important medium through which government ensures food security at micro level is the public distribution system (PDS). Indeed, India's PDS is the world's largest social safety net for food. It operates on the basis of extensive procurement of food grains by the Food Corporation of India on minimum support price terms determined by the Agricultural Prices Commission. Procured product is then distributed through an elaborate national network of Fair Price Shops which sell food grains to poor populations at highly subsidized prices. This has the effect of simultaneously supporting, stabilizing and subsidizing farm incomes for food grain production in a small number of net exporting states Punjab, Haryana, and Andhra Pradesh generating a net welfare benefit to poor consumers in other parts of the country, who are able to obtain food grains at below-market price. However, in the 1990s, two major changes were introduced to the PDS, these were: The Revised PDS (RPDS) and the Targeted PDS (TPDS). A two-tier card system was introduced in order to represent a distinction between above and below poverty line cardholders. Each household was allocated to one of the following three categories and was accordingly given a PDS card which specified their entitlements for food grain subsidies. These categories were 'Above Poverty Line' (APL), 'Below Poverty Line' (BPL) and 'Antodaya Anna Yojana' (AAY) cards. This paper tries to to analyse the food security condition of the country during the last few decades and the working of PDS with some macro measures. But in India, the working PDS and government policies have not been successful in achieving food security at the desired level. There is a need for certain reforms in procurement and distribution for better functioning of PDS, i.e., decentralization of procurement and distribution, involving panchayats in PDS.

Keywords

Food Security, Food Grain, Food Price, Food Corporation of India and Public Distribution System.

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Anil Kumar ¹, Ashok Kumar Godara ¹, Ashok Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar and Rohtak districts of Haryana state with selected 61 and 47 number of PWPS farmers from each district, respectively. In this way a total number of 108 were selected in the sample for the study. (A) Technical Constraints The PWPS uses respondents of Hisar district reported that It does not works in cold/winter days." "This technology only works in less than 8 meters water table". The two were considered as 1st and 2nd major technical constraints respectively. While in the compare of Rohtak district "PWPS spare parts are not available in market" and "This technology only works in less than 8 meters water table" these were consider to be 1st and 2nd major technical constraints respectively. (B) Financial Constraints "High cost of PWPS" was found to be the most serious financial constraint as observed by Hisar District respondents. Less subsidy on PWPS" was the most serious financial constraint and it was 1st rank by the respondents of Rohtak District. (C) Extension Constraints "Lack of extension literature" was considered to be the major extension constraint which was 1st rank by the Hisar District farmers. The extension constraints, "Lack of feed back programme" was the major extension constraint and it was 1 st rank by the Rohtak District respondents.

Keywords

Knowledge, Constraints and Photovoltaic Water Pumping System.

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Anil Kumar ¹, Ashok Kumar Godara ¹, Ashok Kumar ¹, Jitender Kumar Bhatia ¹

Affiliations
1 Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar districts of Haryana state (India) with selected 61 number of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System (PWPS) adopted farmers from this district, and an equal number of non beneficiaries adjoining to the beneficiaries' farm were also selected. In this way a total number of 122 respondents i.e. 61 beneficiaries and 61 non-beneficiaries were included in the sample for the study. A significant majority of respondents two third (67.21%) had medium level of technical knowledge, general knowledge (73.77%) and overall knowledge (70.49%) by the adopted respondents. In case of non adopted respondents, as high as had low level of technical knowledge (81.96%), general knowledge (70.49%) and three-fourth of farmers (72.13%) overall knowledge. Majority of respondents 60.65% and 45.90% had favourable attitude in case of adopted and non-adopted, respectively. Land holding, education, socio-economic status, extension contact, source of income, risk orientation and change proneness were found to have positive and significant correlation ship. However, in case of non adopted farmers' socio-economic status and risk orientation were found to have positive and significant correlation ship. The regression coefficient of adopted farmers' Land holding, education, socio-economic status, extension contact, source of income, risk orientation were found to have positive and significant regression coefficient. However, in case of non adopted farmers, In case of non adopted farmers, socio- economic status and extension contact had positive and significant regression coefficient with the farmers' knowledge level.

Keywords

Knowledge, Attitude and Photovoltaic Water Pumping System.

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Anil Kumar ¹, Ashok Kumar Godara ¹, Ashok Kumar ¹, Jitender Kumar Bhatia ¹

Affiliations
1 Department ofExtension Edueation, COA, CCS Haryana Agrieultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in purposively selected Hisar, Rohtak, and Jhajjar districts ofHaryana state with selected 61, 47 and 33 number of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System (PWPS) farmers trom each district, respectively. In this way a total number of 141 respondents were selected in the sample for the study. The study revealed that maximum number of respondent fell under medium technical knowledge, general knowledge and overall knowledge in Hisar, Rohtak and Jhajjar districts. Majority of respondents favorable attitude towards PWPS in all three districts. According to aspects wise farmers' attitude towards PWPS the statement “PWPS is better than the electricity or diesel water pumping system” occupied the top position, in Hisar and Rohtak district farmers, while in district .Thajjars 'farmers the 1st rank statement is, “PWPS is most important factor to sustain the grain revolution”, land holding, education, socio-economic status, extension contact, source of income, and risk orientation were found to have positive and significant regression coefficient whereas age, caste, occupation, house type, social participation, material possession, farm power, family type, change proneness and fatalism were found to have positive but non significant regression coefficient with the knowledge of PWPS farmers.

Keywords

Knowledge, Attitude, Photovoltaic Water Pumping System.

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Anil Kumar ¹, Ashok Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, COA, CCS Haryana Agricultnral University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in Karnal and Fatehabad district of Haryana state. Two blocks trom Kamal district i.e. Kamal and Nilokheri; two villages trom each block namely Uchana and Kulvehari (Kamal), Bhaini and Sultanpur (Nilokheri); one block trom Fatehabad district i.e. Tohana trom Tohana block and three villages namely Prithla, Lalauda and Nagala village were selected twenty respondents trom each village were selected randomly for the study purpose having a total sample of 140 users of Zero-Tillage Technology (ZTT). The study revealed that most of the respondents were of young to middle age group, mean score of education was not satisfactory. 12.14% of the respondents were having more than 15 acres land holding. The average socio-economic status was not satisfactory. Extension contacts, mass media exposure, change proneness and risk orientation were found to low level. Majority of farmers used rice-wheat cropping pattern. Maximum respondents were of favorable (57.85 %) attitude towards Zero-Tillage Technology. Large majority of farmers (61.42%) were had medium level of overall knowledge of ZTT. Maximum respondents of the farmers used control flooding method of irrigation. Age, caste, occupation, house, land, material possession, education, farm power, socio-economic status, mass media exposure, risk orientation, attitude and knowledge were positive and highly significant at 1% level.

Keywords

Correlates, Zero-Tillage Technology, Knowledge and Attitude.

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Virender Singh ¹, Ashok Kumar ¹, Krishan Yadav ¹, Rajinder Kumar ², Anil Malik ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Assistant Librarian, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The present study was conducted inYamunanagar district of Haryana. This area was selected purposely because of maximum area under mango fruit crops. Further two blocks, Chhachhrauli and Jagadhari were selected purposively from Yamunanagar district and from each block two villages were selected randomly and thereby a total number of four villages was selected for data collection. Thirty mango grower farmers were selected randomly from each village for the study and thus, a total number of 120 farmers were interviewed. The specific objectives of the present study were socio-economic status, knowledge, adoption and the constraints in adoption of post-harvest management practices by mango growers. The data were collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule..Twelve important independent variables such as age, education, socio-economic status, caste, family size, occupation of respondents, annual income, land holdings, farm implements, mass media exposure, extension contacts, and irrigation facilities were selected for the study. The study revealed that majority o f the farmers were middle aged and belonged to general caste, more than half of the respondents were educated matric to graduate and one-third of respondents had family members up to 5. Most of them were engaged in farming and nearly two-third per cent of the respondents had annual income above Rs. 1 lakh. More than half of the farmers belonged to medium to high level of socio-economic status. Majority of the farmers belonged to low to medium level of mass media and extension contacts. More than half of the farmers used tube well as source of irrigation.

Keywords

Mango, Cultivation, Orchards, Respondents, Mango Grower.

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