Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Comparison of Self-Compassion, Mindfulness and Cognitive Fusion in Patients with General Anxiety and Normal People


Affiliations
1 Department of Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, Islamic Republic of
2 Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran, Islamic Republic of
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Anxiety Disorder is the most common anxiety disorder; several factors such as mindfulness, cognitive fusion and Self-Compassion play a role. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare Self-Compassion, mindfulness and cognitive fusion between patients with general anxiety and normal people. The causal-comparative research method the statistical population of this study is all patients with generalized anxiety disorder who are referred to the counseling center of Jahrom University. Among them, 30 subjects were selected by available sampling method. A group of 30 normal subjects without anxiety disorder were selected from among the university staff The research instrument was a self-Compassion standard questionnaire, mindfulness and cognitive fusion. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance analysis. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that all cognitive fusion structures, mindfulness and self-compassion can well distinguish people with general anxiety disorder from normal people. This information can be used to diagnose patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Keywords

Cognitive Fusion, Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, General Anxiety Disorder.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Alicke, M.D., & Sedikids, C. (2009). Self-enhancement and self-protection: What they aie andwheitthey dol European Review of Social Psychology, 20, 1-48.

  • Arch, J. I, Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B.; Eifert, G. H., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Longitudinal treatment mediation of traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(7). 469-478.

  • Association, A.P. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. DSM-5®: American Psychiatric Pub.

  • Barlow, D.H. (2002). The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

  • Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.

  • Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.

  • Ciarrochi, J., Bilich, L., & Godsell, C. (2010). Psychological flexibility as amechanism of change in acceptance and commitment therapy. In R. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance: Illuminating the processes of change (pp. 51-76).Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.

  • Carlrton, R.N., Collimor, K.C., & Asmundson, G. J.G. (2007). Social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation: Construct validity of the BFNE-II. Journal of Anxiety, 2, 131-141.

  • Dinis, A., Carvalho, S., Gouveia, J. P., & Estanqueiro, C. (2015). Shame memories and depression symptoms: The role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. International Journal of Psychology andPsychological Therapy, 15(1), 63-86.

  • De Bruin, E.I., Topper, M., Muskens, J.G., Bogels, S.M., & Kamphuis, J.H. (2012). Psychometric properties of the five facets of mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) in a meditating and a non-meditating sample. Assess, 19, 187-197.

  • Foa, E.B., Huppert, J.D., & Cahill, S.P. (2006). Emotional processing theory: An update. In B.O. Rothbaum (Ed.), Pathological anxiety: Emotional processing in etiology and treatment (pp. 3-24). New York: Guilford Press.

  • Gard, B. K., Holzel, & Lazar, S. W. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psyc/H'a/ryitesearc/i, 191(1), 36-43.

  • Gillanders, D.T., Bolderston, H, Bond, F.W., Dempster, M., Flaxman, P.E., & Remington, R. (2014).The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire. Behavior Therapy, 45, 83-101. http://dx.doi.0rg/lO.lOl6/j. beth. 2013.09.001.

  • Gillanders, D. T, Sinclair, A. K., Mac Lean, M., & Jardine, K. (2015). Illness cognitions, cognitive fusion, avoidance and self-compassion as predictors of distress and quality of life in a heterogeneous sample of adults, after cancer. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4, 300-311.

  • Hayes, S. C, Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. New York: GuilfordPress.

  • Hayes, S. C, Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: GuilfordPress.

  • Heimberg, R.G., Brozovich, F.A., & Rapee, R.M. (2010). A cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder: Update and extention. In S.G. Hofman and P.M DiBartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, developmental, and social perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 395-422). New York: Academic Press.

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. New York: Delacorte Publishing.

  • Leary, M.R, Tate, E.B., Adams, C.E., Batts, A.A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 887-904.

  • Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 908-916.

  • Neff, K.D. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101.

  • Neff, K.D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self-Identity, 2, 223-250.

  • Neuser, N. J. (2010). Examining the factors of mindfulness: A confirmatory factor analysis of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire. School of Professional Psychology Paper, 128,7-23.

  • Neff, K.D. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Soc Personal Psychol Compass, 5,1-12

  • Neff, K. D. (2008). Self-compassion and other-focused responding. Paper presented at the 8th Annual Convention of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. Albuquerque, New Mexico.

  • Roemer, L. L., Salters-Pedneault, J. K., Erisman, K., Orsillo, S. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2009). Mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties in generalized anxiety disorder: Preliminary evidence for independent and overlapping contributions. BehaviorTherapy, 40(2), 142-154.

  • Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Kaplan, H. (2007). Synopsis of psychiatry behavioral sciences (10th ed.). Tehran: Arjmand Publication.

  • Weinstein, N., Brown, K.W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). Amulti-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 374-385.

  • Wells, A., & Carter, K. (1999). Preliminary tests of a cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 3 7(6), 585-594.

  • Weeks, G.W, Heimberg, R.G., & Rodebaugh, T.L. (2008). The fear of positive evaluation Scale: Assessing a proposed cognitive component of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22,44-55.

  • Walker, L., & Colosimo, K. (2011). Mindfulness, self-compassion and happiness in non- meditators: A theoretical and empirical examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 50,222-227.


Abstract Views: 349

PDF Views: 1




  • Comparison of Self-Compassion, Mindfulness and Cognitive Fusion in Patients with General Anxiety and Normal People

Abstract Views: 349  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Soodeh Shadkam
Department of Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, Islamic Republic of
Mohaddeseh Nejati
Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Abstract


Anxiety Disorder is the most common anxiety disorder; several factors such as mindfulness, cognitive fusion and Self-Compassion play a role. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare Self-Compassion, mindfulness and cognitive fusion between patients with general anxiety and normal people. The causal-comparative research method the statistical population of this study is all patients with generalized anxiety disorder who are referred to the counseling center of Jahrom University. Among them, 30 subjects were selected by available sampling method. A group of 30 normal subjects without anxiety disorder were selected from among the university staff The research instrument was a self-Compassion standard questionnaire, mindfulness and cognitive fusion. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance analysis. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that all cognitive fusion structures, mindfulness and self-compassion can well distinguish people with general anxiety disorder from normal people. This information can be used to diagnose patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Keywords


Cognitive Fusion, Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, General Anxiety Disorder.

References