Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Ahmad Muslih Bambang Sugiharta ¹, Aditya ², Abdul Rohim Tuale ³

Affiliations
1 Students, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, IN
2 Students, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID
3 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Acute benzene exposure can cause central nervous system depression. Longterm exposure can result in depression of the blood-forming system and may increase risks associated with anemia and leukemia. The purpose of this research is to identify benzene safe concentration in crude oil processing plant in east java area due to process fugitive emission. Sample is taken from 20 workers include work duration and weight of the worker also crude oil plant air quality monitoring is measured using direct-measure benzene detectors.

In the benzene measurement on the crude oil plant in east java area, 2 spot sample is taken with resulting data 0.96 mg/m3 or 0.30 ppm and 0.86 mg/m3 or 0.27 ppm, and according to final manual calculation for safe benzene concentration with the result 1.12 mg/m3 or 0.35 ppm, all of those number are still below safe concentration limit by refer to minister of man power No.13/MEN/X/2011 regulation and The Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) which have been adopted globally as a company standard which is 0.5 ppm as an eight hour time-weighted average (TWA8) and 1.0 ppm as a Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) (averaged over fifteen minutes). But according to Minimum Risk Level (MRL) ATSDR 2007, those value already above threshold which is 0,009 ppm daily exposure for acute effect and 0,003 ppm daily exposure for chronic effect, Recommendation to control and reduce fugitive emission which resulting in number of benzene is by reviewing engineering design for equipment causing fugitive emission, and since this company regulation for respirator usage in benzene case are 0.5-5.0 ppm must use Half-face mask with organic vapor cartridge, 5.0-25.0 ppm use Full-face mask with organic vapor cartridge, and Greater than 25 ppm use Self-Contained Breathing Air (SCBA) then need to re asses all area which has an obligation to wear personal protective equipment (Half-full/full mask with organic vapor cartridge or Self contain breathing apparatus) by not only based on benzene level but also considering the exposure duration.

Keywords

Benzena, Safe Concentration, Crude Oil Plant, Fugitive Emission, Engineering Design.

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Shinta Arta Mulia ¹, Zikri Fathur Rahman ¹, Ahmad Muslih Bambang Sugiharta ¹, Lili Susanti ¹, Abdul Rohim Tualeka ²

Affiliations
1 Students, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID
2 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Benzene is dangerous chemical compounds from products General Fuel Filling stations (gas stations) and is one component in gasoline with 1-5% carcinogen content. The purpose of this study was to determine the limits of safe concentration for benzene in the work environment of gas stations in Ciputat. This type of research is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The population in this study were all workers at one gas station in the Ciputat region. The sampling technique is the total population, so the sample is 27 workers. The design of the study begins with the collection of secondary data related to work processes which include chemicals in the work area and the number of workers involved. Furthermore, primary data collection was carried out related to the concentration of benzene in the workplace air, length of work time, and worker weight. In addition, secondary data was collected in experimental animals, namely the weight of white mice. The type of data in this study is primary data, obtained through questionnaires and observations as well as measurements of benzene in the air of the respondent’s workplace.

The measurement results of the concentration of benzene in the gas station in Ciputat in point 1 and point 2 are 0.58 mg/m3 or 0.18 ppm so that the concentration is still below the Threshold Value (TLV) according to Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 5 of 2018. Based on the manual calculation for safe limits of benzene concentration obtained 0.085 mg/m3 or 0.026 ppm. Control recommendations are to consume the CYP2E1 enzyme contained in beef liver and salmon which serves to reduce the level of benzene in the body, use the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the form of half mask respirator with an organic vapor cartridge, and plant a number of ornamental plants that can absorb and reduce benzene concentrations such as Boston and Golden Photos.

Keywords

Benzene, Safe Concentration, Workers Gas Stations.

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Zikri Fathur Rahman ¹, Shinta Arta Mulia ¹, Ahmad Muslih Bambang Sugiharta ¹, Lili Susanti ¹, Abdul Rohim Tualeka ²

Affiliations
1 Students, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, ID
2 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, 60115 Surabaya, East Java, ID

Abstract

Occupational illness is a disease caused by a person’s work or work environment. This disease is caused by the actions of someone who is unsafe (unsafe act) and unsafe condition (unsafe condition) in carrying out his work activities. The unsafe act is an act of someone who deviates from the rules of security standards that have been set in doing work. While unsafe conditions are conditions that can endanger workers. Acute respiratory infection is an acute inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract caused by infection with microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, and rickets, without or accompanied by pulmonary parenchyma. Factors that affect a person affected by ARI are environmental factors, individual characteristics, and worker behavior. Environmental factors include air pollution (air pollution due to industrial output and smoke from burning fuel). Dust particles that can cause acute respiratory problems from industrial products that pollute the air such as coal dust, cement, cotton, asbestos, chemicals, toxic gases, dust in rice mills (organic dust).

Keywords

Dust, ARI, Work-Related Diseases.

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