Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Aditya ¹, I. Made Muliatna ², Abdul Rohim Tualeka ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, ID
2 Engineering Department, Faculty of Technic, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, East Java, ID

Abstract

PT Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya Is one of the manufacturing industry sectors in which operational activities can cause accidents and work-related illnesses such as the activities of joining the ship’s hull parts, namely the welding process. The risk of welding work needs to be done risk management to determine the prevention of possible work accidents through Risk Assessment activities which are then communicated to all parties. The purpose of this study is to identify hazards, conduct risk assessments and study risk control on welding work. This research is a descriptive study with an observational approach. From the results of the risk assessment of the 3 stages with 7 job descriptions, the percentage of risk categories was obtained, namely high risk 43% and medium risk 57%, and there was no low risk category Control carried out as part of risk management went well but residual risk remained so need a strong commitment from human resources or management and awareness of the workers on the use of personal protective equipment in every work. Risk communication is carried out through coaching or training, conducting safety induction, safety talk, Safety campaigns such as the activity of installing banners, posters, conducting meetings of the Health and Safety Guidance Committee at the end of each month to discuss the problems that occur and make improvements.

Keywords

Risk Assessment, Risk Management, Risk Communication, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Welding.

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Abdul Rohim Tualeka ¹, Pudji Rahmawati ², Ahsan ³, Syamsiar S. Russeng ⁴, Sukarmin ⁵, Atjo Wahyu ⁶

Affiliations
1 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, 60115 Surabaya, East Java, ID
2 Department of Development of Islamic Society, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel, Surabaya, ID
3 Faculty of Nurse, University of Brawijaya, Malang, ID
4 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Hassanuddin University, ID
5 Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, ID
6 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, ID

Abstract

Background: Benzene was a dangerous chemical compound which was one of the products of gas stations and one of the chemicals contained in gasoline and it was carcinogenic. TTo reduce and eliminate toxin of benzene from human body, could be used the detoxification process. One of the detoxification process approach was using foods. The aim of this research was to calculate the foods intake containing CYP2E1 enzyme, sulfation, and glutathione to improve benzene detox.

Method: The type ofr esearch was descriptive study. The subjects was 15 workers. Location of this research was in gas station Pancoranmas Depok. Variables were body weight, duration of work, working time perweek, working time perday, and benzene concentration. After getting all variables above, breathing rate and intake non-carcinogen per respondent can be calculated. Then, effective doses of foods containing CYP2E1 enzyme, sulfation, and glutathione would be obtained.

Results: All respondents were at workplace shows benzene concentration below the TLV. The highest effective dose of foods containing CYP2E1 enzyme was cow brain, sulfation was tuna, and glutathione was carrot.

Conclusion: The level of adequacy of enzyme of each respondent was different. Effective dose of each respondent depending on body weight, duration of work, and benzene concentration at workplace. Every respondent could choose foods depending on their needs and taste.

Keywords

Benzene, CYP2E1, Detoxification, Glutathione, Sulfation.

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Cut Suci Almadiana ¹, Abdul Rohim Tualeka ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Benzene is a simple cyclic organic compounds whose concentrations are found usually low dilikungan. Benzene is often used in the industrial world, both home industry and the oil and gas industry. Benzene can enter into the body through the lungs, it can be through inhalation, gastrointestinal tract, and through the skin, If someone exposed to benzene at high concentrations, the levels of benzene into the lungs roughly half of the levels of benzene is absorbed, so that the incoming kealiran blood.This research is descriptive. The population in this study is a gas station worker Ciputat region totaling 10 people. The results of the study then analyzed quantitatively to determine the concentration secure benzene for workers obtained from the data concentration of benzene in the workplace, height workers, the weight of workers, heavy mice, respiration rate workers, time spent working, the surface area of the worker’s body surface area the body of laboratory mice, the highest dose of the toxin no effects in animal experiments (NOAEL), Km factors in animals (animal Km), Km factors in workers (Human Km), and the safe limit for workers toxin dose (SHD).The results of measurement of the concentration of benzene in petrol stations in the region Ciputat is 0,58mg/m3 (0.18 ppm), which means it is still below the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) according Permenakertrans 13/MEN/X/2011, the year 2011 is equal to 0, 5 ppm. In contrast to the NAB which have been set at 0.18 ppm, based on manual calculations for safe concentration limit of benzene obtained value of 0.02 ppm.

Keywords

Benzene, Safe Concentration, Gas Stations, Workers.

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Bella Oktavia ¹, Farhana Syahrotun Nisa Suratna ¹, Abdul Rohim Tualeka ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, ID

Abstract

Benzene is a compound that can cause carcinogenic effects in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of health risk due to exposure to benzene through inhalation on tank car crews at Pertamina Patra Niaga. This type of research is a descriptive, observational and cross sectional study. The population in this study were all the Tank Car Crew (AMT) who worked in Pertamina Patra Niaga, amounting to 8 people. The sampling technique is the total population, so the sample is 8 workers. Data analysis used quantitative data to determine the safe concentration of (C) benzene in workers from animal body weight of white rats (W animals), body surface of experimental animals (BSA animals), body weight (W), height of workers (h), worker body surface area (BSA), worker respiratory rate (BR), working time (t), benzene (C) concentration, animal km. Human km, NOAEL and safe dose toxin limit (SHD).

The results showed measurements of benzene concentration at PT. Pertamina Patra Niaga is 0.26 mg/m3 (0.08 ppm), which means the concentration of benzene is still below the Threshold Value (NAB) according to Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 13/MEN/X/2011 at 0.5 ppm. Based on the calculations that have been done, the safe limit value is 0.02 ppm. This value if according to the Minimum Risk Level (MRL) of 2007 ATSDR exceeds that which is set at 0.009 ppm daily for acute effects and 0.003 ppm daily for chronic effects, so that control efforts are needed to be protected from the adverse effects of benzene on the health of workers. Control recommendations are to consume CYP2E1 enzyme contained in beef liver and salmon which serves to reduce benzene levels in the body, use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the form of mask respirators and plant a number of

Keywords

Benzene, Safe Concentration, Workers of Pt Pertamina Petra Niaga.

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Shinta Arta Mulia ¹, Zikri Fathur Rahman ¹, Ahmad Muslih Bambang Sugiharta ¹, Lili Susanti ¹, Abdul Rohim Tualeka ²

Affiliations
1 Students, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID
2 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, ID

Abstract

Benzene is dangerous chemical compounds from products General Fuel Filling stations (gas stations) and is one component in gasoline with 1-5% carcinogen content. The purpose of this study was to determine the limits of safe concentration for benzene in the work environment of gas stations in Ciputat. This type of research is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The population in this study were all workers at one gas station in the Ciputat region. The sampling technique is the total population, so the sample is 27 workers. The design of the study begins with the collection of secondary data related to work processes which include chemicals in the work area and the number of workers involved. Furthermore, primary data collection was carried out related to the concentration of benzene in the workplace air, length of work time, and worker weight. In addition, secondary data was collected in experimental animals, namely the weight of white mice. The type of data in this study is primary data, obtained through questionnaires and observations as well as measurements of benzene in the air of the respondent’s workplace.

The measurement results of the concentration of benzene in the gas station in Ciputat in point 1 and point 2 are 0.58 mg/m3 or 0.18 ppm so that the concentration is still below the Threshold Value (TLV) according to Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 5 of 2018. Based on the manual calculation for safe limits of benzene concentration obtained 0.085 mg/m3 or 0.026 ppm. Control recommendations are to consume the CYP2E1 enzyme contained in beef liver and salmon which serves to reduce the level of benzene in the body, use the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the form of half mask respirator with an organic vapor cartridge, and plant a number of ornamental plants that can absorb and reduce benzene concentrations such as Boston and Golden Photos.

Keywords

Benzene, Safe Concentration, Workers Gas Stations.

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Suherdin ¹, Noeroel Widajati ¹, Ratna Dian Kurniawati ², Abdul Rohim Tualeka ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, ID
2 Bachelor Programme in Public Health, Bhakti Kencana Institute of Health Science Bandung, ID

Abstract

There have been many accidents and occupational diseases caused by weak risk management efforts. Risk management can be carried out by starting with a risk assessment. Risk assessment is an important aspect of occupational health and safety. The pharmaceutical industry has a high risk of occupational health and safety. This study aims to identify the level of occupational health and safety risks and provide control recommendations. This research is descriptively using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method. The results of the identification show that from 19 work steps 10 of which include high risk, 8 including moderate risk and 1 low risk. The hazards identified include chemical, physical, ergonomic and fire hazards. High risks include hazards originating from chemicals as raw materials for making drugs. Several control measures have been taken, but to ensure worker health and safety, additional efforts should be made such as noise suppression personal protective equipment, special masks for use in chemical hazards and work accident emergency response procedures. Risk communication at the drug company is going well.

Keywords

Risk Assessment, Risk Management Risk Communication, Job Safety Analysis, Drugs Industries.

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Tedi Levinrarian ¹, Zikri Fathur Rahman ¹, Abdul Rohim Tualeka ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, 60115 Surabaya, East Java, ID

Abstract

Loading and unloading of container goods is carried out using cranes and truck containers as a means of transportation besides facilitating activities, which can also lead to the risk of workplace accidents. In 2014 there was a work accident in Kuningan Jakarta, workers were crushed by a container during the loading and unloading process. Container loading and unloading is a routine activity carried out at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Palembang Branch. This activity involves tools that can cause accidents such as being hit by a container and hit by a truck head, therefore a risk assessment is carried out on container loading and unloading work. The purpose of this study was to analyze occupational safety risk assessments on container loading and unloading work. This study uses a qualitative research design, using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) for the risk identification process, the US/NZ 4360: 1999 semi-quantitative risk assessment table for risk analysis and semi-quantitative risk level Cross (1988) for risk evaluation. The results of the study indicate that container loading and unloading work consists of the preparation stage, the operation phase of the QCC and the stage of moving containers. The risks identified based on the stage of work are overtaken by containers, falling from heights, collisions between head trucks, falling lifts, hit by a lock lock, getting hit by a truck head, falling into the river, collisions between QCCs and electric shock. The hazards included in the acceptable risk category include being crushed by repair equipment, hands pinched, tripping, slipping lubricants and head banging. The suggestion of this research is that all activities in the field should be carried out in accordance with the applicable regulations and supervision should be carried out more specifically in the use of PPE and conduct periodic health checks on workers.

Keywords

Risk Assessment, Container Loading and Unloading, Job Safety Analysis.

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Zikri Fathur Rahman ¹, Nur Lailatul Masruroh ², Abdul Rohim Tualeka ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, ID
2 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Muhammdiyah University Malang, 65144 Malang, East Java, ID

Abstract

There are many work-related accidents and diseases caused by weak risk management efforts. Risk management can be done by starting with a risk assessment. Risk assessment is an important aspect of occupational health and safety. The garment textile manufacturing industry has a high risk of occupational health and safety. This study aims to identify the level of occupational health and safety risks and provide control recommendations. This research was descriptive using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method. The results of the identification show that out of the 4 work stages and 19 job descriptions, 10 descriptions or 52.6% are at high risk for Occupational Safety and Health. Identified hazards include chemical, physical, ergonomic and fire hazards. High risks include hazards from chemicals as raw materials for the process of making carpets. Several control measures have been taken, but to ensure the health and safety of workers, additional efforts must be made such as personal protective equipment, special masks for use in chemical hazards and work accident emergency response procedures. Risk communication in drug companies is running well.

Keywords

Risk Assessment, Risk Management Risk Communication, Job Safety Analysis.

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Zikri Fathur Rahman ¹, Shinta Arta Mulia ¹, Ahmad Muslih Bambang Sugiharta ¹, Lili Susanti ¹, Abdul Rohim Tualeka ²

Affiliations
1 Students, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, ID
2 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, 60115 Surabaya, East Java, ID

Abstract

Occupational illness is a disease caused by a person’s work or work environment. This disease is caused by the actions of someone who is unsafe (unsafe act) and unsafe condition (unsafe condition) in carrying out his work activities. The unsafe act is an act of someone who deviates from the rules of security standards that have been set in doing work. While unsafe conditions are conditions that can endanger workers. Acute respiratory infection is an acute inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract caused by infection with microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, and rickets, without or accompanied by pulmonary parenchyma. Factors that affect a person affected by ARI are environmental factors, individual characteristics, and worker behavior. Environmental factors include air pollution (air pollution due to industrial output and smoke from burning fuel). Dust particles that can cause acute respiratory problems from industrial products that pollute the air such as coal dust, cement, cotton, asbestos, chemicals, toxic gases, dust in rice mills (organic dust).

Keywords

Dust, ARI, Work-Related Diseases.

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