Indian Journal of Economics and Development

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

On the Socioeconomic Determinants of Households' Access to Safe Drinking Water:Some Evidence from Nigeria


Affiliations
1 Department of Economics, Gombe State University, P. M. B. 127 Post Code-760214, Gombe, Nigeria
 

Background/Objectives: This study investigated the socioeconomic determinants of households’ access to safe drinking water alongside the factors responsible for urban-rural inequality in access to safe drinking water in Nigeria.

Methods/Statistical Analysis: Data from 2013 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) was used. The study adopted both ordinary least squared (OLS) and probit regression models to estimate the determinants of access to safe drinking water (SDW). The technique of Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition has also been adopted to assess the urban-rural inequality in having access to SDW.

Findings: The results show that age linear, marital status, household size, awareness, Northern region, female and access to electricity have positive effects on the likelihood to access safe drinking water (SDW). However, age nonlinear, poor, rural locality and time taken to fetch water have negative impacts on the probability to adopt a particular source of SDW. Also, the same factors except female are responsible for the urban-rural inequality in access to SDW.

Improvements/Applications: The study recommended that there should be old age social security for old people, private water selling business, massive electrification, awareness campaign, incentive system, and rural development, to access SDW.


Keywords

Safe Drinking Water, Probit Model, Blinder-Oaxaca.
User
Notifications

  • UN Water. World Water Day 2015: Water and Sustainable Development. 22 March 2015. www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/about/en. Date accessed: 30/03/2015.

  • United Nations (UN). MDGs Progress on Access to Safe Drinking Water by Region. United Nations Millennium Campaign (UNMC), New York City, 2008.

  • United Nations (UN). International Decade for Action "WATER FOR LIFE" 2005-2015: The Human Right to Water and Sanitation. 29 May 2014. www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml. Date accessed: 12/3/2015.

  • United Nations (UN). Provisional Proposed Tiers for Global SDG Indicators as of March 24, 2016. UN, New York, 2016.

  • United Nations-Water. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2016: Water and Jobs. Paris, UNESCO, 2016.

  • World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for Drinking-Water-Quality-Second Edition-Volume 2-Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information: International Programme on Chemical Safety. WHO, Geneva, 1996.

  • World Health Organization (WHO); United Nations' Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Progress on Sanitation and Water: 2013 Update, WHO/UNICEF, Geneva, 2013.

  • World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations' Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Progress on Sanitation and Water: 2014 Update. WHO/UNICEF, Geneva, 2014.

  • United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). Vital Water Graphics: An Overview of the State of the World's Fresh and Marine Water-2nd Edition-2008. 22 February 2008. www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article32.html. Date accessed: 3/04/2015.

  • J. Fogden, G. Wood. Access to Safe Drinking Water and its Impact on Economic Growth, Bothel, WA: HaloSource, Inc., 2009.

  • Global Change. Human Appropriation of the World's Fresh Water Supply, 4 January 2006. www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/freshwater_supply/freshwater.html. Date Accessed:30/3/2015.

  • United Nations' Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF). Access to Water and Sanitation: A Few Definitions. 25 March 2010. www.unicef.org/wcaro/overview_2570.html. Date accessed: 22/3/2015.

  • World Health Organization (WHO), Water Sanitation and Health (WSH): Health Through Safe Drinking Water and Basic Sanitation. 22 March 2000. www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/mdg1/en. Date accessed: 1/4/2015.

  • G. Björklund, J. Sjödin and (eds). The Human Right to Water and Sanitaion: Securing Access to Water for Basic Needs. Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), Stockholm, 2010.

  • World Health Organization(WHO); United Nations' Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Progresss on Sanitation and Water: 2008 Update. WHO and UNICEF, Geneva, 2008.

  • A. Sen, Development As Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

  • T. K. Bradshaw, Theories of Poverty and Anti-Poverty Programs in Community Development, Columbia: Rural Poverty Research Center, 2005.

  • L. C. R. Soares, M. O. Griesinger, J. N. W. Dachs, M. A. Bittner, S. Tavares. Inequities in Access to and Use of Drinking Water Services in Latin America and the Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud/Pan Am JPublic Health, 2002; 11( 5/6), 386-396.

  • J. Roy, B. Crow. Gender Relations and Access to Water: What We want to know about Social Relations and Women's Time Allocation. Centre for Global International and Regional Studies, UC Santa Cruz, Carlifonia, 2004.

  • G. Sbrana. Technical Note on the Determinants of Water and Sanitation in Yemen. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), United Nations., New York, 2009.

  • N. E. Amponsah, P. W. Aidam, B. Senadza. Socioeconomic Determinants of Sources of Drinking Water: Some Insights from Ghana.In Tropentag 2009 University of Hamburg October 6-8, 2009 Conference on International Research on Food Security, Natural Resources Management and Rural Development, Hamburg, 2009.

  • E. W. Dungumaro. Availability of Domestic Water and Sanitation in Households: A Gender Perspective using Data in South Africa. In Urban Population-Environment Dynamics in Developing World: Case Studies, and Lessons Learned, A. A. Rahman, A. Barbieri, J. C. Fotso and Y. Zhu, Eds., 2009, 108-123.

  • I. Ahmad, M. Haq, A. Sattar. Factors Determining Public Demand for Safe Drinking Water (A Case Study of District Peshawar). Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), Islamabad, 2010.

  • E. S. Osabueohien, U. R. Efobi, C. M. W. Gitau. Environ metal Challenges and Water Access in Africa: Empirical Evidence Based on Nigeria's Households Survey. In Berlin Conference of the Human Dimensions of Global Environmetal Change on, Evidence for Sustainable Development" 5-6 October 2012, Berlin, 2012.

  • L. A. T. Fotue. Awareness and Demand for Improved Drinking Water Source in Cameroon,” International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, 3(1), 50-59, 2013.

  • P. Maneesh. Access to water and drinking water supply coverage: Understanding water security in Kerala, Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 3(9), 2015.

  • T. T. Tuyet-Hanh, J. K. Lee, J. Oh, H. V. Minh, C. O. Lee, L. T. Hoan, Y. S. Nam T. K. Long. Household trends in access to improved water sources and sanitation facilities in Vietnam and associated factors: findings from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 2000-2011, Glob Health Action, 9, 2016.

  • National Population Commission (NPC); ICF International. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2013. NPC and ICF International., Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA, 2014.

  • W. H. Greene, Econometric Analysis, 7th (edn)., Boston, MA: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2012.

  • G. S. Maddala. Introduction to Econometrics, 2nd Edition ed. ed., New York: Maxwell Macmilla., 1992.

  • A. S. Blinder. Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates,” The Journal of Human Resources. 1973; 8, 436-455.

  • R. Oaxaca. Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets. International Economic Review.1973; 4(3), 1693-709.


Abstract Views: 242

PDF Views: 125




  • On the Socioeconomic Determinants of Households' Access to Safe Drinking Water:Some Evidence from Nigeria

Abstract Views: 242  |  PDF Views: 125

Authors

Musa Abdu
Department of Economics, Gombe State University, P. M. B. 127 Post Code-760214, Gombe, Nigeria
Abdullahi Buba
Department of Economics, Gombe State University, P. M. B. 127 Post Code-760214, Gombe, Nigeria
Adamu Jibir
Department of Economics, Gombe State University, P. M. B. 127 Post Code-760214, Gombe, Nigeria
Idi Adamu
Department of Economics, Gombe State University, P. M. B. 127 Post Code-760214, Gombe, Nigeria
Aisha Adamu Hassan
Department of Economics, Gombe State University, P. M. B. 127 Post Code-760214, Gombe, Nigeria

Abstract


Background/Objectives: This study investigated the socioeconomic determinants of households’ access to safe drinking water alongside the factors responsible for urban-rural inequality in access to safe drinking water in Nigeria.

Methods/Statistical Analysis: Data from 2013 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) was used. The study adopted both ordinary least squared (OLS) and probit regression models to estimate the determinants of access to safe drinking water (SDW). The technique of Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition has also been adopted to assess the urban-rural inequality in having access to SDW.

Findings: The results show that age linear, marital status, household size, awareness, Northern region, female and access to electricity have positive effects on the likelihood to access safe drinking water (SDW). However, age nonlinear, poor, rural locality and time taken to fetch water have negative impacts on the probability to adopt a particular source of SDW. Also, the same factors except female are responsible for the urban-rural inequality in access to SDW.

Improvements/Applications: The study recommended that there should be old age social security for old people, private water selling business, massive electrification, awareness campaign, incentive system, and rural development, to access SDW.


Keywords


Safe Drinking Water, Probit Model, Blinder-Oaxaca.

References