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Jalali, S. K.

• Host Range, Feeding Potential and Biological Attributes of Micromus igorotus Banks, a Predator of Sugarcane Woolly Aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner

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Authors

Sunil Joshi ¹, Prashanth Mohanraj ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, C. A. Shobitha ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (ICAR), P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 305-310

Abstract

Studies on host range of Micromus igorotus Banks, a predator of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner indicated that the pupation was higher when aphids belonging to subfamily Hormaphidinae were used as food. Within subfamily Aphidinae, tribe Aphidini was preferred to Macrosiphini. Irrespective of instars of aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was fed in significantly higher numbers than C. lanigera. Total feeding potential was also significantly higher on A. craccivora of adults. Feeding potential was significantly higher on Aphis gossypii Glover and lower on Pseudoregma bambusicola (Takahashi) and C. lanigera. Pre-oviposition period was significantly longer when adults were reared on A. gossypii. The predator laid maximum eggs when fed with P. bambusicola while least eggs were laid when C. lanigera was provided as prey. Egg and larval periods did not differ significantly on different aphid species, however, pupal period was significantly longer on A. craccivora and A. gossypii and shortest on C. lanigera. This study also provides authentic characters for sex determination of adults of M. igorotus.

Keywords

Biology, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Feeding Potential, Micromus igorotus, Host Range.

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References

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• Stezel, M. and Hassan, S. A. 1992. Rearing of Micromus angulatus Steph. (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae), a new candidate beneficial insect for the biological control of insect pests in green houses. Journal of Applied Entomology, 114: 32–37.

• Genetic Aspects of Insecticide Tolerance in Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Strains

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Authors

V. Charles ¹, P. Puneeth ¹, V. A. Vijayan ¹, S. K. Jalali ²

Affiliations
1 Vector Biology Research Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, 574005, Karnataka, IN
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 3 (2011), Pagination: 207-212

Abstract

Trichogramma genus is one of the most important groups of biotic agents employed for the control of several lepidopterous pests. However, these parasitoids are also subjected to environmental stress such as insecticides, temperature etc. in the agricultural field. Selection of parasitoids tolerant to insecticides has been recognized as a potent method for enhancing their performance. In this regard, the present study was carried out to know insecticide tolerance level and the kind of inheritance in Trichogramma chilonis Ishii., strains on commonly used insecticides in the agricultural fields. Endosulfan, spinosad and lamda cyhalothrin tolerant strains along with a susceptible one were selected to carryout the crossing experiments. The LC₅₀ values of endosulfan, spinosad and lamda cyhalothrin tolerant strains were found to be 278.03, 9.84 and 6.23 ppm respectively. This is in contrast to the respective susceptible strains to these insecticides which have exhibited LC₅₀ values of 106.03, 4.78 and 3.45 ppm respectively. The endosulfan tolerance appeared to be recessive for the cross involving tolerant male parent and semi dominant for the tolerant female parent. The spinosad tolerance was found to be semi dominant for crosses involving both male and female tolerant parents. In contrast, the lamda cyhalothrin tolerance was completely dominant for crosses with the tolerant male and female parents.

Keywords

Trichogramma chilonis, Pesticide Tolerance, Degree of Dominance.

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References

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• Biological Control of Rice Pests in 'kole' Lands of Kerala

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Authors

K. R. Lyla ¹, S. Pathummal Beevi ¹, M. Philip Babu ¹, S. K. Jalali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, KAU P.O. 680 656, Kerala, IN
2 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 268-270

Abstract

Large scale demonstrations of biological control based integrated pest management (BIPM) practices were carried out in the 'kole' lands of Koorkkencherry Panchayath of Thrissur district in Kerala and compared with conventional farming. Trichogramma japonicum was released against rice stem borer and leaf folder @ 1 lakh ha⁻¹. The results showed that dead heart and white ear head incidences were on par in the two systems of cultivation. In the case of leaf folder significantly lower incidence was observed in BIPM. There was no significant difference in grain yield. The population of predators like coccinellids and spiders were significantly higher in BIPM.

Keywords

Biological Control, Rice Pests, ‘kole’ Lands.

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• In silico Docking Studies on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal and Implications for Insecticide Detoxification

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Authors

K. P. Dhanya ¹, Madhusmita Panda ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, N. K. Krishna Kumar ¹, R. Gandhi Gracy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, M. Nagesh ¹

Affiliations
1 Molecular Entomology Laboratory, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 1-9

Abstract

In silico docking of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) of an insect, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and a parasitoid, Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal was studied with two insecticides, monocrotophos and fenvalerate. The CYP450 sequences of H. armigera (CYP9A12), T. cacoeciae (CYP4G12) and a human microsomal sequence CYP3A4, as positive control were retrieved from NCBI’s GenBank database. The structure, as predicted by SOPMA, of CYP450 in H. armigera contained 78.7% helix and 43.3% sheets, while that of T. cacoeciae contained 60.6% helix and 68.5% sheets. The three-dimensional molecular models of CYP450 of H. armigera and T. cacoeciae indicated that 96.5 and 97.2% residues, respectively, were in the most favored region. The docking studies revealed that the binding energy of H. armigera was -3.50 and -7.65 kcal/mole compared to the binding energy of T. cacoeciae -2.96 and -5.28 kcal/mole for monocrotophos and fenvalerate, respectively, inferring stronger interaction of H. armigera CYP450 with the insecticides and thereby higher potential for resistance in H. armigera.

Keywords

Cytochrome P450, Helicoverpa armigera, Trichogramma cacoeciae, In silico Molecular Docking.

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• Characterization and Identification of Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an Introduced Parasitoid of Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink through DNA Barcode

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Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, Nesil Liz Baby ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, A. N. Shylesha ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 11–13

Abstract

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, is a serious invasive pest in India and causes severe yield loss. Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Encyrtidae) is one of the efficient parasitoids for the suppression of papaya mealybug in its native range. This parasitoid was introduced from Puerto Rico in 2010 through USDA-APHIS for use against the papaya mealybug. Subsequently, natural occurrence of the parasitoid was observed in mealybug infested papaya fields at Pune and the parasitoid was identified as A. papayae based on morphology based taxonomy at NBAII. The study was undertaken for the DNA barcoding of A. papayae, using CO1 region in order to supplement and confirm that the introduced and Pune populations belonged to the same species and the study revealed that the A. papayae populations from Pune and USA are one and the same having fragment size of ~673bp.

Keywords

Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus Marginatus, Acerophagus Papayaa, Cytochrome C Oxidase-I (CO1), DNA Barcode.

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• Molecular Identification of Yeast Like Microorganisms Associated with Field Populations of Aphid Predator, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Their Role in Fecundity

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Authors

B. N. Hemalatha ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, S. Sriram ¹, B. Reetha ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 3 (2013), Pagination: 176–183

Abstract

Resident microflora of alimentary canal and fat bodies associated with eleven field collected Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen) adult females were characterized and their possible role in influencing the fecundity was studied. The isolated yeasts varied among different populations of the predator. Culturable yeasts viz., Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Pichia anomala, Candida blankii, C. apicola, C. pimensis, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Kodamea ohmeri were isolated from gut, diverticulum and fat bodies of the adult females and characterized by biochemical and molecular tools. The yeast isolate of T. delbrueckii in combination with honey and castor pollen grains were found to increase the fecundity of the adult females as compared to those that were reared on honey and pollen in different generations.

Keywords

Chrysoperla Zastrowi Sillemi, Yeast, Molecular Characterization, Fecundity.

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• Genetic Variation in Artificially Selected Strains of the Egg Parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Using Rapd Analysis

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Authors

G. Ashok Kumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, M. Nagesh ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, P. Niranjana ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 23, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 353-359

Abstract

Artificial selection is extensively used to develop pesticide resistance in natural enemies. RAPD markers were used to estimate genetic relatedness between the parent and artificially selected hybrids of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii resistant to multiple insecticides (700ppm of endosulfan, 540ppm of monocrotophos and 20ppm of fenvalerate) and high temperature (> 40°C). Highly polymorphic markers could be identified through the primers OPF-1 and OPJ-20. RAPD marker from 15 oligomers clearly outgrouped the susceptible parent from artificially selected pesticide-resistant strains. The first group comprised the susceptible strain. The second group comprised the two subclusters, the first subcluster including the strain resistant to endosulfan and fenvalerate, multiple-insecticide resistant strain (MIRS) and high temperature resistant (HTR) strain while the second subcluster consisted of monocrotophos and HTR strains. The discriminating property of RAPD markers allowed differentiation of the resistant strain from the parental susceptible strain. Artificially selected resistant strains shared relatively high similarity (61-66%) with susceptible parent strain as per Jaccard's index.

Keywords

Trichogramma chilonis, RAPD, Pesticide Resistance, High Temperature, Genetic Relatednes.

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References

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• Intraguild Predation and Biosafety of Entomopathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar et Al., and its Bacterial Symbiont, Photorhabdus luminescens, to Parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Predator Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben, Petersen)

Abstract Views :321  |  PDF Views:129

Authors

Y. Lalitha ¹, M. Nagesh ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 4 (2012), Pagination: 334–340

Abstract

Intraguild predation (IGP) appears to be pervasive among communities of biocontrol agents associated with nematode sharing the host with trophic interaction. Entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) and its associated bacterium (Photorhabdus luminescens); an egg parasitiod, Trichogramma chilonis and a predator Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi were selected for present study. There was no adverse effect of H. bacteriophora and P. luminescens observed on adult emergence of T. chilonis. Microscopic examination of eggs, larvae and adults of T. chilonis and C. z. sillemi treated with H. bacteriophora, P. luminescens and cell-free culture filtrates of P. luminescens, exhibited no deformity, discoloration or infection of organisms. Similarly, H. bacteriophora, P. luminescens or the cell-free culture filtrates exhibited no adverse activity on egg hatching or larvae of C. z. sillemi indicating that there was no intraguild competition under artificial epiphytotic conditions between the organisms under report, viz., H. bacteriophora, its associated bacterium (P. luminescens), T. chilonis and C. z. sillemi.

Keywords

Intraguild Predation, Entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Photorhabdus luminescens, Trichogramma chilonis, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi.

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• Biochemical and Molecular Diversity Analysis of Culturable Bacteria in Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)

Abstract Views :272  |  PDF Views:131

Authors

S. L. Ramya ¹, K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Molecular Entomology, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 260–267

Abstract

Geographical populations of Cotesia plutellae, a predominant endolarval parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) were screened and analyzed for bacterial diversity. The culturable bacterial species were isolated and identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Eleven bacterial isolates were identified viz., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter cancerogenus, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas putida, Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pantoea sp. and Bacillus cereus. The molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis placed these phylotypes into two major classes i.e. Bacilli and Gamma proteobacteria. The evolutionary distance matrix (Pairwise distance) showed similarity between the sequences. The bacterial diversity observed was low in the different geographic populations. The nucleotide sequences were blasted and submitted to GenBank.

Keywords

Bacteria, Cotesia plutellae, 16S rRNA, Symbiont.

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• Characterization of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Pseudomonas Spp. Occurring in Indian Soils

Abstract Views :372  |  PDF Views:125

Authors

K. Ashwitha ¹, R. Rangeshwaran ¹, N. V. Vajid ², G. Sivakumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Rajalaksmi ³, H. Manjunath ⁴

Affiliations
1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Biology, University of Hail, Jeddah, SA
3 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580 005, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, UAS Bangalore 560 065, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 27, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 319–328

Abstract

Abiotic stress tolerance of 230 Pseudomonas spp. Occurring in Indian soils was evaluated for tolerance to temperature, salinity and moisture stresses. Forty seven Pseudomonas spp. Were characterized as abiotic stress tolerant and were identified as P. aeruginosa (24), P. putida (14), P. plecoglossicida (4), P. mosselli (1), Pseudomonas sp. (1) and P. fluorescens (3). The temperature and salinity tolerance of these bacteria was 45°C and 1 M NaCl respectively. Most isolates (44 out of 47) produced indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity and 37 of them showed phosphatase activity. 2, 4-diacetyl phloroglucinol (DAPG) gene was detected in 10 isolates and pyoluteorin gene was detected in 4 isolates. Under water stress, seed treatment with P. putida (NBAII-RPF9) and P. fluorescens (PFDWD) showed its potential as plant growth promoter. The studies also indicated that stress tolerant Pseudomonas spp. may be used as plant protection agents in abiotically stressed soils.

Keywords

Pseudomonas, Abiotic Stress, Tolerance, DAPG, Pyoluteorin.

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• Occurrence of Chrysoperla zastrowi arabica Henry et al. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a Cryptic Song Species of Chrysoperla (Carnea-group), in India

Abstract Views :240  |  PDF Views:125

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, J. Poorani ², K. S. Murthy ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, G. Ashok Kumar ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, R. Rajeshwari ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, Karnataka., IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 1 (2008), Pagination: 143-147

Abstract

The Chrysoperla species (carnea-group) widely used in India in augmentative biological control programmes was found to be Chrysoperla zastrowi arabica Henry et al. The acoustic profile of the mating song of this species was analyzed and found to match that of C. zastrowi arabica, the song species characterized earlier as 'Cc5 generator'. The correct taxonomic name for this species remains to be determined as it is morphologically identical to C. sillemi (Esben-Petersen), a species already known from India. Molecular characterization of the species was also done and the DNA sequence of the ITS-2 region was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. DQ 825504, as that of C. sillemi). The implications of this finding are discussed.

Keywords

Chrysopidae, Carnea-group, Chrysoperla zastrowi Arabica, C. sillemi, India, Molecular Characterization, Song Analysis.

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• On the True Identity of "Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead)" (Hyraenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) being Used in India

Abstract Views :254  |  PDF Views:109

Authors

H. Nagaraja ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, P. Mohanraj ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control (ICAR), RB. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 255-260

Abstract

Investigations were carried out on the true identity of the thelytokous species purported to be Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) (= T. brasiliense), which is used in India in biological control programmes, as the holotype of Ashmead's species is placed under the genus Trichagratnmatoidea Girault at present. Morphological and molecular studies in combination with crossing experiments conclusively proved that this species was con specific with T. pretiosum Riley. Thelytoky in T. brasiliensis auctt. used in India is found to be Wolbachia - induced and reversible by administering antibiotics.

Keywords

Arrhenotoky, PCR, Ihelytoky, Trichogramma brasiliensis, Trichogramma pretiosum, Trichogrammatoidea, Wolbachia.

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• Genetic Improvement of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii for Combined Tolerance to Multiple Insecticides and High Temperature

Abstract Views :221  |  PDF Views:110

Authors

G. Ashok Kumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ², T. Venkatesan ¹, M. Nagesh ², Y. Lalitha ³

Affiliations
1 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN
3 Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 347-356

Abstract

A strain of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, an effective parasitoid of lepidopteran pests was developed for tolerance to three major groups of insecticides, i. e., endosulfan (organochlorine), monocrotophos (organophosphate) and fenvalerate (synthetic pyrethroid) and to high temperature (32-38°C) through selection. After 81 generations of selection, there was an increase in parasitism from 35% to 90-95% and decrease in mortality from 100% to 57-70% after 6h of constant exposure to three insecticides and high temperature. Interestingly 46.8 and 2.9 fold increase in tolerance was observed in males compared to 18.5 and 1.3 fold increase in females of MITT (multiple-insecticide and temperature tolerant) strain when exposed to endosulfan and fenvalerate sprays, respectively, while in case of monocrotophos, females and males were 465-fold and 25-fold more tolerant, respectively, than susceptible strain. At higher temperatures of 40 and 45°C, the per cent mortality of tolerant adults was 0.0 and 9.2%, respectively, compared to 59.7 and 96.1% in susceptible population after 6h of exposure at these temperatures. At high variable temperature (32-38°C), per cent mortality in MITT was 57.1 compared to 98.5% in susceptible population after 24h of constant exposure. The mean per cent parasitism at 32°C, 36°C, 38°C and at variable temperature of 32-38°C was significantly higher in tolerant strain (46.7, 45.0, 18.3 and 63.3%) compared to susceptible strain (54.0, 6.7, 0.0 and 0.0%), respectively. These studies suggest that the improved strain of T. chilonis will provide effective control of the pest even at harsh climatic conditions and under high insecticide pressure in different economically important crops.

Keywords

Egg Parasitoid, Genetic Improvement, High Temperature Tolerance, Multiple Insecticide Tolerance, Trichogramma chilonis.

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• Evaluation of Different Strains of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii for the Suppression of Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen

Abstract Views :234  |  PDF Views:148

Authors

Satnam Singh ¹, Maninder Shenhmar ¹, K. S. Brar ¹, S. K. Jalali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Box No.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore - 560024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 247-253

Abstract

The efficacy of high temperature tolerant (PDBC strain) and Ludhiana (Punjab) strain of Trichogramma chilouis Ishii against early shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus Snellen was evaluated in farmers' field during 2004 and 2005. The PDBC strain was released from April to June @ 50000, 40000 and 30000 parasitoids/ha. and the Ludhiana strain @ 50000 parasitoids/ha. Nine releases of PDBC strain and Ludhiana strain @ 50000 parasitoids/ha were as effective as application of cartap hydrochloride (Padan 4G) @ 25 kg/ha in reducing the incidence of C. infuscatellus by 52.7 and 50.5% over untreated control, respectively. At lower two doses, the reduction was 29.03 and 34.7 per cent over untreated control and was significantly better as compared to untreated control and mechanical control (removal of dead hearts). The maximum parasitoid recovery (10.71% parasitization) was recorded with PDBC strain @ 50,000 parasitoids/ha and was on par with Ludhiana strain (9.88% parasitization) and significantly higher than that with lower doses of PDBC strain and control. Based on reduced pest incidence, higher parasitism and yield, the releases of T. chilonis (PDBC strain/Ludhiana) @ 50000 parasitoids/ha at 10 days interval from April to June can be successfully used for the suppression of early shoot borer.

Keywords

Chilo infuscatellus, Efficacy, Strains, Trichogramma chilonis.

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• Sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner (Homoptera:Aphididae)

Abstract Views :201  |  PDF Views:112

Authors

G. Ashok Kumar ¹, C. D. Srinivas Naik ¹, Prashanth Mohanraj ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore-560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 2 (2007), Pagination: 301-303

Abstract

The woolly aphid, Ceratovacuua lanigera Zehntner (Homoptera:Aphididae), assumed an epidemic proportion in Maharashtra and Karnataka in the year 2002. Presently this pest is prevalent in India in major sugarcane growing areas and it is important to find out the population differences to assess their epidemic potential. Molecular markers such as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) play an important role to bring out the population differences at the molecular level. Hence, ITS 2 region of C. lanigera was sequenced using specific primers (product size 448 bp) and the sequence was submitted to GenBank (DQ 825651).

Keywords

Bangalore Population, Ceratovacuma lanigera, ITS-2, Sequencing.

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• Impact of Insecticides Recommended for Sugarcane on Parasitization and Emergence of High Temperature Tolerant and Ludhiana Strains of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii

Abstract Views :227  |  PDF Views:133

Authors

Satnam Singh ¹, M. Shenhmar ¹, K. S. Brar ¹, S. K. Jalali ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 25-30

Abstract

The studies to evaluate the effect of insecticides recommended on sugarcane in Punjab, on parasitization and adult emergence of high temperature tolerant (PDBC, Bangalore) and Ludhiana (Punjab) strains of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii conducted during April-July 2004 at Entomological Research Farm and Biological Control Laboratory of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana revealed that Ludhiana strain of T. chilonis was more tolerant to insecticides as compared to the high temperature tolerant strain. Among the insecticides, endosulfan (Thiodan 35EC) @ 395g a. i./ha was the safest followed by imidaeloprid (Conlidor 200 SL) @ 20g a, i./ha, triazophos (Hostathion 40EC) @ 600g a. i./ha, chlorpyriphos (Dursban 20EC) @ 175g a. i,/ha and malathion 50EC @ 1250g a. i./ha. The latter two at the applied doses were highly deleterious to the parasitoid.

Keywords

Insecticides, Parasitism, Strain, Sugarcane, Trichogramma chilonis.

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• Economics of Production of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), an Important Parasitoid of Coconut Black-Headed Caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker) for Bio-Factories

Abstract Views :279  |  PDF Views:123

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Srinivasamurthy ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, C. Bharathi Dasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control, P. B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 21, No 1 (2007), Pagination: 53-58

Abstract

Black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Walker), is a serious pest of coconut palms causing severe defoliation and yield loss. Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), one of the dominant and effective parasitoids of O. arenosella, is being widely used in the biological control programme. Technology for the production and cost economies of G. nephantidis were worked out for the first time. The production of 3,25,000 parasitoids within a period of 6 months required charging of 225 wooden Corcyra boxes @ 75 nos./batch three times. Coreyra cephalonica (Stainton) was used as a laboratory host for rearing the parasitoid. Exposure of 2500 matured C. cephalonica larvae, was required in order to get I lakh parasitoids per month. The cost of production of 100,000 G. nephantidis cocoons was Rs. 27,600. The commercial cost of cocoon in India is Rs. 40,000 per 100,000 parasitoids and the profit would be Rs. 12,400 for producing 100,000 parasitoids. Benefit-Cost of the production of parasitoid was 1:1.45. Employment generated during the production process was four. Hence, this technology is highly feasible and can he adopted for the production and use against the pest. This mass production technology would be suitable for promoting localized production of G. nephantidis at village or district level especially for farmers, unemployed graduates, private and public sector units and NGOs.

Keywords

Black-Headed Caterpillar, Coreyra cephalonica, Cost of Production, Fixed Cost, Goniozus nephantidis, Opisina arenosella, Variable Cost.

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• Preliminary Testing of some New Release Methods for Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma spp.

Abstract Views :232  |  PDF Views:146

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, K. S. Murthy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, P. S. Devi ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate on Biological Control (ICAR), P. B . No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 99-103

Abstract

Preliminary investigations were conducted in laboratory cages to test the efficiency of a novel release technique for egg parasitoid Trichogramma species and this was compared with the traditional techniques. The efficiency of the techniques was determined based on time taken for release, adult emergence and percentage egg parasitism. Mixing of eggs with carriers like talc (1:1 ratio) and agar solution (0.1%) recorded least time for application. Spraying of loose parasitised eggs mixed with agar solution was considered as the best treatment amongst the treatments where aqueous solutions were used as carriers. In treatments where loose parasitised eggs were mixed with various solid and aqueous carriers, per cent emergence was low ranging from 40.5 to 57.1% compared to 95.0 to 100.0% in release of adults, Tricho bit, Tricho capsules and loose eggs without any carrier. The lowest emergence was recorded when loose parasitised eggs were mixed with talc. Adult release, sprinkling of loose parasitised eggs mixed with vermiculite and semolina gave significantly higher parasitism compared to the other techniques of release. The results indicated that release of Trichogramma can also be tried by mixing with a spray solution (for eg. agar solution) with modification of sprayer nozzle or with solid carriers (for eg. vermiculite). Such techniques will be better understood by stakeholders and is expected to increase uptake of this important biological control agent.

Keywords

Carriers, Emergence, Parasitism, Release Method, Trichogramma.

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• Development of Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on a Semi Synthetic Diet

Abstract Views :226  |  PDF Views:115

Authors

K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 19, No 2 (2005), Pagination: 179-182

Abstract

The mean developmental period of Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller was 32.5 days with a percentage larval survival of 65.1per cent and adult emergence of 56.6 per cent on a semi-synthetic diet, while these were 26.6 days, 79.1 and 83.2%, respectively when reared on cabbage leaves. The factors for the variations in the biological attributes when reared on the diets and the feasibility of utilizing semi-synthetic diet reared host for rearing the parasitoids are discussed.

Keywords

Biological Parameters, Cabbage Leaf Webber, Crocidolomia binotalis, Semi-Synthetic Diet, Rearing.

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• Field Life Tables of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract Views :214  |  PDF Views:107

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, P. L. Tandon ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control Post Bag No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 47-55

Abstract

Field life tables of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were constructed for 6 generations from summer 1994 to rabi (winter) 1995 in Bangalore on fodder maize. Positive trend indices were obtained in the 2^nd , 3^rd and 4^th generations, which corresponded to late summer to kharif (monsoon) seasons and negative trend indices in the 1^st, 5^th and 6^th generations corresponding to late kharif (late monsoon) to rabi seasons. Positive trend indices signified greater pest activity during those generations. Maximum contribution to real generation mortality was in egg stage in all the generations as k_s of egg period were invariably closer to generation K in each season. Key mortality factor analysis revealed direct density dependence in egg stage with egg parasitoids having highly significant regression coefficient. Mortality due to unknown causes in younger larvae exhibited inverse density dependence. During larval stage, hatching failure, and in pupal stage all mortality factors exhibited delayed density dependence. The result provided rational ecological basis for developing biocontrol - based programme for suppression of C. partellus on fodder maize.

Keywords

Abiotic Factors, Biotic Factors, Chilo partellus, Field Life Tables, Population Dynamics.

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• A Novel Method of Field Release of Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck), an Important Primary Parasitoid of Opisina arenosella Walker on Coconut

Abstract Views :274  |  PDF Views:121

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, K. Srinivasa Murthy ¹, R. J. Rabindra ¹, N. S. Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR) Post Bag No. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 79-80

Abstract

Goniozus nephantidis (Muesebeck) is an important primary parasitoid of Opisina arenosella Walker in coconut eco-system. The method of release of G. nephantidis was standardized for the first time. It was found that 90-100 per cent of the parasitoids released at the trunk (1.2 m from the ground level) reached the crown of the palm irrespective of the height of the tree. The mean time taken by each batch of the parasitoids to reach the crown varied from 13 to 22 minutes. It was also found that the parasitoids preferred to crawl on the tree rather than flying. Hence it is suggested that G. nephantidis adults may be released at the trunk (1.2 m height from the ground level) of the coconut palm for the management of O. arenosella instead of releasing at the crown region of the palm or arbitrarily on unit area basis.

Keywords

Goniozus nephantidis Method of Release, Opisina arenosella.

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• Role of Egg Parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja alone and in Combination with Dicblorovos in the Management of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) on Cabbage

Abstract Views :232  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

K. I. Singh ¹, S. K. Jalali ², R. J. Rabindra ², N. S. Rao ², Y. Lalitha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, lmphul 795 004, Manipur, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR), Post Bag no. 2491, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 2 (2004), Pagination: 135-139

Abstract

The optimum release dosage of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja and its comparative efficacy alone and in combination with dichlorvos against diamondback moth (DBl\1), Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) on cabbage was worked out. Results of the study on the percentage parasitization under different host-parasitoid ratios revealed that the maximum DBM egg parasitization (83.0%) was recorded in the ratio 100 (eggs): 5 (females), which was on par with other higher ratios of 100:10 to 100:20. The release of T. bactrae twice (2 and 5 days after DBM moth release) proved as the most effective treatment in significantly reducing the larval population (4.89 larvae per plant) in comparison to two sprays of dichlorvos (0.05%) (14.54 larvae per plant). The results indicated the efficacy of T. bactrae in suppressing DBM on cabbage and calls for further evaluation in field trials.

Keywords

Cabbage, Dichlorvos, Efficacy, Plutella xylostella, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae.

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• Parasitising Efficiency of the Pupal Parasitoid, Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) at Different Exposure Periods

Abstract Views :247  |  PDF Views:118

Authors

Arun Baitha ¹, S. K. Jalali ², R. J. Rabindra ², T. Venkatesan ², N. S. Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Crop protection, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Rae Bareli Road, Dilkusha, P.O., Lucknow 226 002, UP, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag NO.2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 18, No 1 (2004), Pagination: 65-68

Abstract

Pupae of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were exposed to one-day-old mated females of Tetrastichus howard(OlIifO) for different periods to determine optimum period of exposure for laboratory production. The percentage parasitism varied significantly from 20 to 80 with different exposure periods. The number of parasitoids obtained per pupa (138.0) and females (71 %) were significantly higher when pupae were exposure for 12 hours and it decreased significantly on increasing exposure period. Though the per cent parasitism was vlry low when the pupae were exposed for 12 hours, the number of parasitoids obtained/ 100 pupae was highest (2760). However, considering progeny production and per cent females obtained, 12 hours exposure period is most suitable for avoiding superparasitism in the lahoratory production of the parasitoid.

Keywords

Chilo partellus, Exposure Period, Superparasitism, Tetrastichus howardi.

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• Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner (Homoptera:Aphididae) a Serious Pest of Sugarcane in Maharashtra and Attempts at its Management by Biological Means

Abstract Views :443  |  PDF Views:199

Authors

R. J. Rabindra ¹, Prashanth Mohanraj ¹, J. Poorani ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, S. Joshi ¹, S. Ramani ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (ICAR), Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 16, No 2 (2002), Pagination: 171-172

Abstract

Serious and unprecedented infestations by the sugarcane woolly aphid, Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner were witnessed on the leaves of 4·9 month old sugarcane crop in Kolhapur and Pune districts of Maharashtra during September-October, 2002. During surveys for natural enemies, seven predators were recorded in Kolhapur, of which Dipha?aphidivora (Meyrick) was observed to be the most promising. In Pune district, only Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) was recorded. Limited field releases of the coccinellid, Synonycha grandis (Thunberg) collected from the bamboo woolly aphids at Bangalore and the chrysopid, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) were made in a small area at Kolhapur. S. grandis adults and C. carnea eggs were recovered 2 to 3 weeks after release, indicating their survival in the field.

Keywords

Biological Control, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Sugarcane, Synonycha grandis.

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• Life Table Studies on the Natural Enemies of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract Views :187  |  PDF Views:124

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 113-117

Abstract

Life table studies were carried out on egg, larval and pupal parasitoids of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in the laboratory. Egg parasitoid Triehogramma chilonis Ishii (maize strain) had the highest finite rate of increase of 1.41 per female per day and doubling time was less than 2 days, the shortest amongst trichogrammatids studied. The larval parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes Cameron lived for 7.79 days and the first two days after pre-oviposition period accounted for 88.7 per cent of its total fecundity. The finite rate of increase was 1.147 per female per day, whereas finite rate of increase of the pupal parasitoid, Xanthopimpta stemmator (Thunberg) and Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff) were 1.178 and 1.274 per female per day, respectively.

Keywords

Chilo partellus, Life Table, Natural Enemies.

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• Development of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Mealybugs on Freeze-Dried Artificial Diet

Abstract Views :249  |  PDF Views:139

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post. Bellary Road Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 2 (2001), Pagination: 139-142

Abstract

Development of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was studied on a freeze-dried artificial diet devoid of insect components. The artificial diet was composed of beef liver (5 g), hen's egg yolk (5g), sucrose (1g), honey (1g), hydrolysed yeast (1g), milk powder (0.5g), brewer's yeast (0.5g), groundnut oil (0.3g), multivitamin (0.04g). vitamin E (0.04g), nipbagine (0.004g) and water (16 ml). Biological attributes of the artificial diet reared C. montrouzieri were compared with the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) reared. Mean adult emergence of the predators reared on artificial diet and mealybug reared were 58.0 and 90.0 per cent, respectively. Differences in developmental period, adult weight and female emergence between artificial diet and mealybug reared predators were non-significant. Pre-ovipositional period of the predators reared on artificial diet was significantly longer than the mealybug reared. The mean fecundity of artificial diet reared predator was only 8 eggs/female, which was significantly lower than the mealybug reared (204eggs/female). Artificial diet reared predators laid fertile eggs and the mean viability of the eggs was 93.0 per cent, which was not significantly different from the mealybug reared (94.0 %).

Keywords

Artificial Diet, Biological Suppression, Cryptolaemus mantrouzieri, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Planococcus citri

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• Effect of Host Egg Density on Parasitism and Adult Emergence in Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Two Systems

Abstract Views :192  |  PDF Views:94

Authors

R. C. Yadav ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, N. S. Rag ¹

Affiliations
1 Project Directorate of Biological Control (lCAR) Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road Hebbal, Bangalore 560 024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 11-14

Abstract

Effeet of egg density of Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) on parasitism and adult emergence in Trichogramma chilonis Ishii was investigated under two systems of rearing in the lahoratory. In nucleus culture maintenance system, 150 eggs/two females and under mass production system, 500 adults to 1 cc of eggs (about 15,000 eggs) were found most optimum for efficient utilization of eggs and females. The highly significant regression coefficients obtained for relation between egg density and number of egg parasitised, and per cent parasitisation and number of adults indicated the usefulness of prediction model.

Keywords

Corcyra cephalonica, Egg Density, Parasitism, Systems, Trichogramma chilonis.

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• Acceptance of the Teak Defoliator Hyblaea puera (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae) by Two Exotic Species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract Views :245  |  PDF Views:124

Authors

V. V. Sudheendrakumar ¹, S. K. Jalali ², S. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Trichur, Kerala, IN
2 Project Directorate of Biological Control, HA Farm Post Office, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 9, No 1 (1995), Pagination: 43-44

Abstract

Natural control of the teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer by a large number of larval and pupal parasitoids has been reported (Chatterjee and Misra, ]974; Sudheendrakumar, 1985). However, only very very little information IS available on egg parasitoids of the teak defoliator (Beeson, 1941; Nair et al.. 1994).

Keywords

Hyblaea puera, Egg Parasitoids, Trichogramma embryophagum, T. Dendrolimi .

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• Superior Strain Selection of the Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii - Biological Parameters

Abstract Views :234  |  PDF Views:110

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Biological Control Centre, H.A.Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 024, IN
2 Biological Control Centre, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore - 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 57-60

Abstract

To select superior strains of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, collections were made from cotton ecosystems of six different agroclimatic zones of the country viz., Anand (Gujarat), Ludhiana (Punjab), Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), Bangalore (Karnataka), Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh) and Nagpur (Maharashtra). These ecotypes are referred as BioC1, BioC2, BioC3, BioC4, BioC5, and BioC6 respectively. Mean fecundity during F1, F20, and F40 generations in the laboratory was significantly more in BioC1, BioC2, and BioC6 than in others. Longevity of males was 4.0, 4.0 and 4.2 days and that of females was 7.0, 7.4 and 7.3 days respectively in BioC1, BioC2 and BioC6 strains, which was higher than in the other three ecotypes. Net reproductive rate (Ro) and rate of increase per female per generation (λ) was higher in BioC1 and BioC2. There was no difference in emergence pattern and sex-ratio amongst six ecotypes. Results thus, indicated that BioC1 and BioC2 are superior to other ecotypes.

Keywords

Trichogramma chilonis, Superior Strains, Selection.

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• Age-Specific Fecundity and Life Table Studies of Trichogramma embryophagum (Htg.) and Trichoderma dendrolimi Matsumara

Abstract Views :263  |  PDF Views:122

Authors

S. P. Singh ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control Centre, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, H.A. Farm. Post, Bangalore - 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 1-3

Abstract

Life table data of Trichogramma embryophagum (Htg.) and Trichogramma dendrolimi Mafatsumara were collected on eggs of Corcyra cephalonlca Stainton. The net reproductive rate (Ro) of T. embryophagum was 60.23 and that of T. dendrolimi 33.98, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.292 and 0.305 and net generation time (T) was 14.03 and 13.25 days, respectively. For mass production, adult females of T. emhryophagumshould be utilised for 5 days and T. dendrolimi for 2 days.

Keywords

Age-Specific Fecundity, Trichogramma embryophagum, T. dendrolimi.

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• Studies on Optimum Temperature for Storage of Sticholotis madagassa Weise Adults

Abstract Views :195  |  PDF Views:137

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control Centre, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Bangalore-560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 2 (1990), Pagination: 96-98

Abstract

Studies were carried out on consequences of different temperature on fecundity and longevity of Stlchototis madagassa Weise. Progeny production declined with Increasing storage period. High mortality of predators was observed when stored at 5°C and 10°C. However, 15°C was ideal for storage in comparison to 26+1 °C.

Keywords

Sticholotls madagassa, Temperature, Survival, Progeny Production.

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• Parasitising Efficiency of Chelonus blackburni Cam. and Copidosoma koehleri Blanch. Singly and in Combination against the Potato Tuber Moth

Abstract Views :212  |  PDF Views:115

Authors

Chandish ¹, R. Ballal ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Pradyumn Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 4-6

Abstract

Laboratory Investigations were conducted to determine the efficiency of the two exotic parasitoids. Chelonus blackburni Cam. (Hymenoptera : Branconidae) and Copidosoma koehleri Blanch. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) - to parasltlse the potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella ZeII. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). When exposures of individual species of parasitofd were compared with the combination of both the species, C. blackburni reduced PIM survival with a higher percentage of parasitism. Also, in the combination treatments, C. blackburni significantly reduced the survival of C. koehleri while the latter did not affect the survival of the fomer. None of the combination treatments were superior to individual exposure using C. blackburni with respect to host mortality and overall parasitold survival. Longevity of adults of C. blackburni was markedly reduced in the combination treatments. Also, the number of viable cocoons of C. blackburni was maximum in Individual exposure. Similarly, the longevity of the adults and number of mummies fonned by C. koehleri was reduced in the combination treatments when compared to individual exposure.

Keywords

Phzhorimaea operculella, Chelonus blackburni, Copidosoma koehleri, Exotic Parasitoids, Parasitising Efficiency.

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• Biotic Potential of Three Coccinellid Predators on Various Diaspine Hosts

Abstract Views :210  |  PDF Views:124

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Biological Control Centre, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Bangalore 560 024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 20-23

Abstract

Biotic potential of three Coccinellid predators viz., Chilocorus bijugus (Muls), Chilocorus nigritus (Fab.) and Sticholotis madagassa (Weise) were studied on various diaspine scales. C. bijugus and C. nigritus accepted all the hosts provided whereas, S. madagassa accepted only three hosts. When aqueous extract of sugarcane scale insect was sprayed over non-preferred host, S. madagassa could develop on two additional hosts. Developmental period on different hosts in case of C. bijugus and C. nigritus ranged from 33.5 to 41.4. and 32.3 to 35.1 days respectIvely, whereas S. madagassa developed faster on Melanaspis glomerata (Green) (33.4 days) than on other hosts. S. madagassa was also found to be more fecund on M. glomerata. C. bijugus showed relative preference for Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.), lived longer and produced larger progeny. C. nigritus fed and bred equally well on all the bosts provided, showing its wide acceptability and polyphagous nature. C. nigritus was found to be more promising on biotic parameters followed by C. bijugus and S. madagassa.

Keywords

Biotic Potential, Coccinellid Predators, Diaspine Scales.

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• A New Record of Ooencyrtus papilionis (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) on the Eggs of Papilio demoleus (Linn.) from India

Abstract Views :239  |  PDF Views:110

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. P. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Biological Control Centre, National Centre For Integrated Pest Management, Hebbal Agricultural Farm Post, Bangalore-560024, IN
2 Biological Control Centre, National Centre For Integrated Pest Management Hebbal Agricultural Farm Post, Bangalore-560024, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 1 (1990), Pagination: 59-60

Abstract

The citrus leaf-eating caterpillar Papilio demoleus (Linn.) is a key pest of citrus in India causing extensive damage especially in nurseries and to tender flushes of foliage of different citrus cultivars in the field. A number of natural enemies were recorded by earlier workers (Pruthi and Mani, 1985; Singh, 1980, 1985; Krishnamoorthy and Singh, 1986; Krishnamoorthy, 1987). During the course of observations in the campus, a large number of eggs laid by P. demoleus on citrus were found to be parasitised. Such eggs were brought to the laboratory and kept individually in glass tubes (7.5 x 2.5 cm) and on emergence, the parasitoids were separated based on visual characters. Subsequently, the parasitoids were indentified by Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London.

Keywords

Papilio demoleus, Egg Parasitoids, Ooencyrtus papilionis, Telenomus sp., Trichogramma sp.

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• Relationship Between the Host Age and the Fitness Components of Hyposoter didymator Thunb. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Abstract Views :208  |  PDF Views:122

Authors

Pradyumn Kumar ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, Chandish ¹, R. Ballal ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology & Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore - 560089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 69-71

Abstract

Hyposoter didymalor Thunb. was found to parasitise 0-6 day old Spodoptera litura (F.) larvae in the laboratory at 24.5 ± 1 °C and 65 per cent RH. Effect of host age on developmental period of immature stages, sex ratio of adults, size of the progeny and degree of succcssful parasitism (survivorship) of the parasitoid were investigated. There was a significant negative correlation between the host age and the parasitoid developmental period, while the size of the progeny was observed to increase with the age of the host. Maximum parasitism was observed in 5-day-old host larvae.

Keywords

Hyposoter didymator, Hostage, Developmental Period, Sex Ratio, Size of the Progeny, Degree of Parasitism, Spodoptera litura.

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• Need to Strengthen Quarantine between Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Mainland India

Abstract Views :237  |  PDF Views:86

Authors

B. R. Soumya ¹, Abraham Verghese ², P. D. Kamala Jayanthi ³, S. K. Jalali ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Life Science (Zoology), Centre for Post Graduate Studies in Sciences, Jain University, Bengaluru 560 011, IN
2 GPS Institute of Agricultural Management, Peenya, Bengaluru 560 058, IN
3 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IN
4 National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resource, Bengaluru 560 024, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 111, No 11 (2016), Pagination: 1753-1756

Abstract

When an animal or a plant species, unknown in a country, gets introduced, it is termed an exotic species often characterized by its prolific breeding, in the absence of any biotic natural enemies. Frequently, such introduced species end up as a pest/weed. These then become invasive alien species (IAS), threatening the economy.

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• Potential Natural Enemies of the Invasive Rugose Spiraling Whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin in India

Abstract Views :279  |  PDF Views:150

Authors

K. Selvaraj ¹, R. Sundararaj ², T. Venkatesan ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, H. K. Mrudula ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 30, No 4 (2016), Pagination: 236-239

Abstract

A invasive rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW) Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was found infesting coconut, banana, custard apple and several ornamental plants in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala for the first time in India. The identity of the pest species was determined through morphological and molecular tools. Furthermore cytochrome c oxidase-I gene (658 bp) of RSW was sequenced (GenBank accession number KY209909) which would serve as an ideal molecular diagnostic marker for its identification irrespective of its phenotypic plasticity. During the survey, several natural enemies were recorded and maximum parasitism was recorded by Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and its COI gene was sequenced and deposited as Encarsia sp. (GenBank accession number KY223606). Per cent parasitism ranged from 20.0 to 60.0 % in different collection locations, highest parasitism being recorded in Kerala as compared to other states. The predators recorded were Mallada sp., few coccinellids and predatory mites. This communication is the first report of the rugose spiraling whitefly, its host plant range and associated natural enemies in India.

Keywords

Aleurodicus Rugioperculatus, Host-Plants and Natural Enemies, Invasive Pest, Spiraling Whitefly.

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References

• Evans GA. 2008. The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the world and their host plants and natural enemies. Available from: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/ whitefly/ PDF_PwP% 20ETC/world-whitefly- catalog-Evans.pdf
• Dickey AM, Stocks IC, Smith T, Osborne L, McKenzie CL. 2015. DNA barcode development for three recent exotic whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) invaders in Florida. Florida Entomol. 98(2): 473–478.
• Francis AW, Stocks IC, Smith TR, Boughton AJ, Mannion CM, Osborne LS. 2016. Host plants and natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida. Florida Entomol. 99(1): 150–153.
• Hayat M. 2011. Additions to the Indian Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) – III: The genus Encarsia Förster. Oriental Insects 45: 202–274.
• Hebert PDN, Penton EH, Burns JM, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W. 2004. Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator, PNAS. 101(41): 14812–14817.
• Kumar V, McKenzie CL, Mannion C, Stocks I, Smith T, Osborne LS. 2013. Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). EENY578. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. Available from: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/ creatures/orn /Aleurodicus_rugioperculatus.htm
• Martin JH. 2004. The whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Part 1 - Introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance and Baker. Zootaxa. 681: 1–119.
• Sundararaj R, Selvaraj K. Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): A potential threat to coconut in India. Phytoparasitica (In Press).
• Stocks I. 2012. Rugose spiraling whitefly host plants. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), Division of Plant Industry (DPI). Available from: http://monroe.ifas.ufl.edu/ pdf/Hort/ RSW_Host_ Plants_May _2012.pdf
• Stocks IC, Hodges G. 2012. The rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, a new exotic whitefly in south Florida (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Available from: http://freshfromflorida.s3. amazonaws.com/ aleurodicusrugioperculatus-pest-alert.pdf
• Taravati S, Mannion C, Glenn H, Osborne L. 2013. Natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the south Florida landscape. ENY- 870. University of Florida, IFAS Extension. Available from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN100400. pdf
• Viggiani G. 1987. New species of Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), parasitoids of whiteflies. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’. Portici. 44: 35–37.

• First Record of Invasive Rugose Spiraling Whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) along with Parasitoids in Karnataka

Abstract Views :392  |  PDF Views:159

Authors

K. Selvaraj ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, R. Sundararaj ², Chandish R. Ballal ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram, Bengaluru - 560003, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 74-78

Abstract

Occurrence of the invasive rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin was found on coconut, banana, mango, guava, sapota, Indian almond, water apple, ball tree, rubber fig, butterfly palm, and ruffled fan palm for the first time in Karnataka. Severe damage was noticed in the coastal areas of Mangalore and Udupi and the infestation ranged from 20-35% in coconut and 24-38% in banana. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used to identity the pest and its natural enemies. Survey also revealed natural parasitism by the parasitoids Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani and E. dispersa Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) with 5-15% in coconut, 7-18% in banana and 22-30% in sapota. Besides, other commonly found natural enemies viz., Stethorus sp. associated with mites and Dichochrysa astur were also recorded. Furthermore, augmentation and conservation strategies for these parasitoids for the management of this invasive pest were discussed.

Keywords

Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, Host-Plants, Invasive Pest, Natural Enemies, Rugose Spiraling Whitefly.

Full Text

   

References

• Dickey AM, Stocks IC, Smith T, Osborne L, McKenzie CL. 2015. DNA barcode development for three recent exotic whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) invaders in Florida. Florida Entomol. 98(2): 473–478. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.098.0213
• Dubey AK, David BV. 2012. Collection, preservation and preparation of specimens for taxonomic study of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). pp-01-19. In: David B.V. (Ed.). The whiteflies or mealywing bugs. LAP Lambert Academic Publisher, Germany.
• Evans GA. 2008. The whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the world and their host plants and natural enemies, Available from: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/ whitefly/ PDF_PwP% 20ETC/ world-whitefly- catalogEvans. pdf (Accessed 6 March, 2017).
• Francis AW, Stocks IC, Smith TR, Boughton AJ, Mannion CM, Osborne LS. 2016. Host plants and natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Florida. Florida Entomol. 99(1): 150–153. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.099.0134
• Kumar V, McKenzie CL, Mannion C, Stocks I, Smith T, Osborne LS. 2013. Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). EENY578. University of Florida, IFAS Extension, Available from: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures /orn/ Aleurodicus rugioperculatus.htm (Accessed 5 March 2017).
• Mandal FB. 2011. The management of alien species in India. Int J Biodivers Conser. 3(9): 467–473
• Martin JH. 1987. An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). J Trop Pest Manag. 33(4): 298–322. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878709371174
• Martin JH. 2004. The whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Part 1 - introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance & Baker. Zootaxa 681: 1–119.
• Ramani S, Poorani J, Bhumannavar BS. 2002. Spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleurodidae) in India. Biocontrol News and Information 23(2): 55–62.
• Selvaraj K, Sundararaj R, Venkatesan T, Chandish R. Ballal, Jalali SK, Ankita Gupta, Mrudula HK. 2016. Potential natural enemies of the invasive rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin in India. J Biol Control 30(4): 236-239.
• Stocks I. 2012. Rugose spiraling whitefly host plants. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), Division of Plant Industry (DPI), Available from: http://monroe.ifas.ufl. edu/ /Hort/ RSW _Host_ Plants_May _2012. pdf (Accessed 5 March 2017).
• Stocks IC, Hodges G. 2012. The rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, a new exotic whitefly in south Florida (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
• Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, pest-alert.pdf (Accessed 7 March, 2017).
• Sundararaj R, Selvaraj K. 2017. Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): a potential threat to coconut in India. Phytoparasitica 45: 71-74, DOI:10.1007/ s12600-017-0567-0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600017-0567-0
• Taravati S, Mannion C, Glenn H, Osborne L. 2013. Natural enemies of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the south Florida landscape. ENY-870. University of Florida, IFAS Extension, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN100400.pdf. IN/IN100400.pdf (Accessed 4 March, 2017).

• 16S rRNA Gene Based Identification Of Gut Bacteria from Field Collected Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera:Noctuidae) from Tomato Ecosystem

Abstract Views :388  |  PDF Views:0

Authors

S. Madhusudan ¹, S. K. Jalali ², T. Venkatesan ², Y. Lalitha ², Prasanna Srinivas ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Maharani’s Science College for Women’s, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN
2 Insect Biotechnology Laboratory, National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (Formally PDBC), H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN
3 Department of Microbiology, Indian Academy Centre for Research and PG Studies, Hennur Cross, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IN

Source

Asian Journal of Bio Science, Vol 6, No 1 (2011), Pagination: 106-113

Abstract

Tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a polyphagous pest of different host plants and has developed resistance to most of the insecticide groups. In order to know the gut microbial flora of the insecticide resistant field collected larvae of H. armigera, whole gut was dissected from the fourth to fifth instar larvae of the H. armigera and the culturable bacterial species were identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Altogether eleven bacterial species of different genera were identified were Stenotrophomonas sp., Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus sp., Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus feacium, Bravundimonas diminuta, Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus sp., of which genera Enterococcus were found to be predominant. The nucleotide sequences of 11 isolates were submitted to NCBI-Gen Bank and accession numbers (HM446252, HM446253, HM446254, HM446256, HM446258, HM446260, HM446261, HM446263, HM446264, HM446265, and HM446266) were obtained.

Keywords

Helicoverpa armigera, Gut Bacteria, 16S rRNA, Nucleotide, Sequencing.

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• Detection of Insecticide Resistance and Mechanisms of Resistance in Field Populations of Chrysoperla zastrowi Sillemi (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) Collected from Different Geographical Locations in India

Abstract Views :260  |  PDF Views:119

Authors

T. Venkatesan ¹, S. Helen Mahiba ², S. K. Jalali ¹, S. L. Ramya ¹, M. Prathibha ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, P.B. No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Banaglore - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 Regional Seri Cultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Veeranam Road, Allikuttai Post, Vaikkalapattarai, Salem - 636003, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 159-167

Abstract

The toxic effect of commonly used insecticides in cotton fields was studied on 9 populations of Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen), an important predator of sucking pests collected in India. The dose mortality bioassay against 3-days old larvae was determined using three insecticides viz., endosulfan, fenvalerate and acephate by topical bioassay method. Mechanism of resistance to the above mentioned insecticides were determined without and with three metabolic inhibitors (synergists), viz., piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl-phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM). Among the populations, resistant ratios (RR) of CZS-8 was significantly higher i.e. 50.36., 66.11 and 277.51-fold for endosulfan, fenvalerate and acephate, respectively compared to susceptible population (CZS-10). The CZS-8 was selected for synergism study it showed higher LC50 values and resistance ratio for all three insecticides. It showed 8.97-fold, 18.49-fold and 6.38-fold increase in synergism ratio for endosulfan indicating the resistance was strongly synergised by PBO, DEF and DEM. Similarly for fenvalerate, CZS-8 showed 8.69-fold and 3.63-fold significant increase in synergism ratio by DEF and DEM, respectively and for acephate, CZS-8 showed 54.82-fold, 150.87-fold and 113.52-fold significant increase in synergism ratio indicating that the resistance could be due to cytochrome p-450, esterase and glutathione s- transferase activity. The study indicated that the field population of C. z. sillemi developed resistance to different groups of insecticides. Among different geographical populations, CZS-8 collected from Sriganganagar, was recorded as most resistant.

Keywords

Chrysoperla zastrowi Sillemi, Cytochrome P450, Esterase, Glutathione–S-Transferase Insecticide Resistance.

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• Host-Insect and Host-Plant Associated Diversity in Microbiota Isolated from Most Important Oriental-Australian Region Egg Parasitoid

Abstract Views :246  |  PDF Views:132

Authors

S. K. Jalali ¹, S. Sriram ², T. Venkatesan ¹, R. P. More ¹, Omprakash Navik ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹, Rakshit Ojha ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Post Bag No. 2491, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore – 24, Karnataka, IN
2 ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore – 89, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 229-239

Abstract

Host-insect and host-plant associated differentiation of genetically divergent microbiota were recorded from economically important egg parasitoid collected from 26 locations in India, Trichogramma chilonis constituted 86.8% of the populations collected. It was recorded from 14 host-insects, 14 different crops and weed plants from 12 states. Nine species of yeast were recorded from parasitoid from 5 host-insects with Wickerhamomyces anamalus was isolated from 36.4% samples and highest numbers were recorded from parasitoid collected on sugarcane. Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from T. chilonis constitute 64.3% of bacterial diversity based on their 16S rDNA sequences. For taxonomic identification using 16s rDNA and ITS sequences, we performed taxonomic classification of total 33 ITS isolates against UNITE Fungal ITS database and assigned taxonomy hierarchy to the sequences. Also, a total of 13 isolates 16s rDNA sequences were taxonomically assigned against RDP 16s rDNA database using RDP Naive Bayesian rRNA Classifier Version 2.1. Most of the species are correctly identified in the respective species members with high confidence threshold value support.

Keywords

Egg Parasitoid, Evolutionary Relationship, Host-Insects, Host-Plants, Microbiota.

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• Studies on New Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Natural Enemies

Abstract Views :574  |  PDF Views:374

Authors

A. N. Shylesha ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Ankita Gupta ¹, Richa Varshney ¹, T. Venkatesan ¹, Pradeeksha Shetty ¹, Rakshit Ojha ¹, Prabhu C. Ganiger ², Omprakash Navik ¹, K. Subaharan ¹, N. Bakthavatsalam ¹, Chandish R. Ballal ¹, A. Raghavendra ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, H. A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN
2 All India Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, Univeristy of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 32, No 3 (2018), Pagination: 145-151

Abstract

Occurrence of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly known as fall armyworm, in southern India is reported along with associated natural enemies. Severe damage was noticed in Chikkaballapur, Hassan, Shivamogga, Davanagere and Chitradurga during July-August 2018. The incidence ranged from 9.0 to 62.5 percent at various locations, maximum incidence was recorded in Hassan district followed by Chikkaballapur, Davanagere, Shivamogga and Chitradurga. Morphology and molecular based taxonomic tools were used for the identification of this pest. The GenBank accession number MH704433 of Chikkaballapur population was released on 1^st August, 2018 and Barcode obtained from BOLD System-ID: AGIMP054-18. The survey also revealed natural parasitism by egg parasitoids viz., Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), gregarious larval parasitoid, Glyptapanteles creatonoti (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) solitary larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and a solitary indeterminate larval-pupal (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) parasitoid. Spodoptera frugiperda is the first host record for G. creatonoti across the globe. Glyptapanteles creatonoti, being a well established parasitoid of various noctuids in India and Malaysia, was capable of parasitizing S. frugiperda. Besides these, other commonly found bioagents viz., Forficula sp. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson was also collected in large numbers. We report the natural enemy complex of S. frugiperda for the first time from India. The electro physiological response of Indian population of S. frugiperda male adults to pheromone was established. The studies to manage this pest by any/all means are in progress.

Keywords

Karnataka, Maize, New Pest.

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• Natural Parasitism by Trichogrammatids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Lepidopteran Eggs under Diverse Cropping System

Abstract Views :248  |  PDF Views:117

Authors

Omprakash Navik ¹, S. K. Jalali ¹, Y. Lalitha ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Germplasm Collection and Characterization, ICAR–National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560024, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 33, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 279-284

Abstract

The present study was conducted to collect and identify the species of trichogrammatids from eggs of lepidopteran pests infesting the diverse cropping systems in the country. A total of 28 plant species were inspected for the collection of lepidopteran eggs either through collection of insect eggs or by placing sentinel egg cards. The species such as Trichogramma chilonis Ishii, T. achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti, T. danausicida Nagaraja, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja and Tr. armigera Manjunath were recorded naturally occurring with 12 species of lepidopteran insect pests. In nature, the parasitism rate varied from 5.35 to 82.25% by the associated trichogrammatids. A total of 596 sentinel trap cards were placed in the agricultural, vegetables, fruits crops, and grasses on the bunds of fields to trap the egg parasitoids present in the different habitat. Through sentinel cards, three species, viz., T. chilonis, T. achaeae and Tr. bactrae were found inhabit the vegetables and ornamental crops. The percentage of adult emergence from the sentinel trap cards ranged from 70.59 to 100.0%. Natural parasitism of Tr. bactrae recorded for the first time on the eggs of Lampides boeticus L. infesting wild species of Crotalaria. In addition, the natural parasitism of Tr. armigera and Tr. bactrae on the eggs of L. boeticus laid on either cultivated or wild relatives of Crotalaria in undisturbed habitat had higher natural parasitism due to their bright yellow flower attracts parasitoids to parasitize the eggs and conserve these egg parasitoids. Recently, natural parasitism of Trichogramma sp. was recorded on invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) infesting maize in Karnataka. Based on the present work, there could be choice of selecting right species which occur naturally on individual crops.

Keywords

Biological Control, Collection, Cropping System, Egg Parasitoid, Identification.

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• Occurrence of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India with a Note on Rove Beetle as its Potential Natural Enemy

Abstract Views :309  |  PDF Views:129

Authors

V. Abdul Rasheed ¹, S. R. Koteswara Rao ², K. Sreedevi ³, B. Bhaskar ⁴, T. R. Ashika ³, T. Venkatesan ³, S. K. Jalali ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Administrative Office, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Lam, Guntur - 522 034, A. P., IN
3 ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR-NBAIR), H. A. Farm Post, Hebbal, Bellary Road, Bengaluru – 560 024, Karnataka, IN
4 Department of Plant Pathology, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, A. P., IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 34, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 86-89

Abstract

The occurrence of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize fields of Tirupati region, Andhra Pradesh is herewith reported. Field surveys in maize fields revealed that the rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) was found predating the larvae of fall armyworm and this is the first report of P. fuscipes on fall armyworm from India. The species identity of both fall armyworm and the rove beetle was confirmed through molecular studies by amplifying cytochrome oxidase I gene (CO1) and DNA barcoding.

Keywords

Fall Armyworm, Invasive Pest, Maize, Paederus fuscipes, Predator.

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