Informatics Publishing Limited

Subhas Balaganvi ¹, P. Balakrishnan ², M. V. Ranghaswami ³, D. Tamilmani ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, Raichur karnataka, IN
2 College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur karnataka, IN
3 Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, (T.N.A.U.) Coimbatore T.N., IN
4 Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, (T.N.A.U.) Coimbatore T.N.

Abstract

The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Gangavati, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gangavathi in northern Karnataka, India during Rabi/summer, 2007-08 and 2008-09 with beetischolar_main (Beta vulgaris) as the test crop. Under the drip irrigation, the soil moisture content was the highest and maintained almost steadily near the field capacity throughout the cropping period at all distances away from the dripper. The maximum moisture content near the dripper was reduced to the extent of 15 and 19 per cent at a distance of 60 cm away horizontally and vertically downwards, respectively, from the dripper during 2007-08 in case of drip irrigation at 0.6 ET in salinity level-I, against16 and 20 per cent during 2008-09. The soil moisture content at particular distance from the point of application increased with increase in depth of applied water and it decreased with distance from the point of application (R2= 0.83 to 0.92). The maximum water use efficiency of 6.74 and 6.23 kg m-3 was achieved in drip irrigation at 0.6 ET under salinity level-I and the lowest water use efficiency of 2.78 and 2.40 kg m-3 was recorded in drip irrigation at 1.4 ETin salinity level-III during 2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively. Among the surface irrigation levels, the highest water use efficiency of 4.25 kg m-3 at 1.0 ET and 3.32 kg m-3 in 0.8 ET was recorded in salinity level-I during 2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively.

Keywords

Drip, Surface Irrigation, Irrigation, Vegetable, Beetischolar_main, Soil Salinity, Moisture Distribution, Water Use Efficiency

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Ashok Raigonda ¹, P. Balakrishnan ², N. B. Mareppa ³, K. Shivanand ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur karnataka, IN
2 College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur karnataka, IN
3 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineer ing, College of Agr icultural Engineer ing, Universi ty of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur karnataka, IN
4 Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineer ing, University of Agricul tural Sciences, Raichur karnataka, IN

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the local head losses in drip irrigation laterals of inline emitters at M/s. Jain Irrigation Systems Private Limited by using the Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach equations. The emitters selected were Turbo Aqura at 4 L h-1 emitter discharge with the lateral diameters of 12, 16 and 20 mm at 20, 40 and 60 cm dripper spacing, respectively under the operating pressure heads of 10, 8 and 6 m. The pressure head-distance relationships and local losses were evaluated for all the lateral types at three operating pressure heads of 10, 8 and 6 m. Flow discharges, pressure heads at various points on the laterals and the temperature of the water were measured during the study to determine their effect on the flow hydraulics in the drip laterals. The estimated local losses were in the range from 3.33 per cent (0.001 m) to 12.84 per cent (0.409 m) of the total head loss in the drip laterals at 10 m operating pressure head. Similarly, for the 8 and 6 m operating pressure head the local losses were in the range from 4.00 per cent (0.001 m) to 12.79 per cent (0.330 m) and 5.26 per cent (0.001 m) to 13.89 per cent (0.275 m) of the total head loss, respectively.

Keywords

Drip Irrigation, Discharge Measurement, Frictional Head Loss, Local Head Loss

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Subhas Balaganvi ¹, P. Balakrishnan ², M. V. Ranghaswami ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur karnataka, IN
2 College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur karnataka, IN
3 Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, (T.N.A.U.) Coimbatore T.N., IN

Abstract

The experiments were conducted with beetischolar_main (Beta vulgaris) as test crop in saline vertisols of Tungabhadra Project command area in Northern Karnataka, India during 2007-'08 and 2008-'09 in strip plot design with three soil salinity levels (Electrical conductivity, EC - 1.3, 2.7 and 4.3 dS m-1) in main plots and five drip irrigation levels (Evapotranspiration , ET- 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 ) with three surface irrigation levels (0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 ET) in sub-plots adopting three replications. There was significant difference in tuber yield owing to different irrigation regimes by various levels of drip and surface irrigation methods. The highest tuber yield of 19.43 t ha-1 was recorded by drip irrigation at 1.2 ET followed by drip irrigation at 1.4 ET (18.28 t ha-1) as against the lowest tuber yield of 9.98 t ha-1 in surface irrigation scheduled at 0.8 ET during 2007-'08. Similarly, the highest tuber yield of 18.91 t ha-1 in drip irrigation at 1.2 ET and the least yield of 9.6 t ha-1 in the surface irrigation scheduled at 0.8 ET were registered during 2008-'09. The different levels of salinity had marked influence on tuber yield during both the years. Significantly the highest tuber yield of 18.23 t ha-1 and the lowest tuber yield of 11.0 t ha-1 were recorded, respectively in salinity levels- I and III during 2007-'08. Similarly, during 2008-'09 significantly the maximum tuber yield of 17.89 t ha-1 in salinity level-I and the least of 10.5 t ha-1 in salinity level-III were observed.

Keywords

Irrigation, Drip, Surface Irrigation, Irrigation Levels, Salinity, Saline Soil, Beetischolar_main, Vegat

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G. S. Praveen ¹, B. Maheshwara Babu ², Shashidhar B. Sarangamath ³, P. Balakrishnan ⁴

Affiliations
1 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment (ATREE), Srirampura, Bengaluru karnataka, IN
2 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Science, Raichur Karnataka, IN
3 Bangalore ONE, Bengaluru Karnataka, IN
4 College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences,Raichur Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Developmental planning using integrated approach has been accepted world over for optimal management and better utilisation of natural resources towards improving living conditions of the people and to meet the growing demands of increasing population. Timely inflow information (both the spatial and nonspatial) and its reliability is a pre-requisite for integrated developmental planning. Satellite remote sensing is an ideal tool for generating such spatial information base. In the present paper, preparation of thematic maps like land use/land cover, hydrogeomorphology, slope, base map, soil map and stream network map using the Quick Bird satellite imagery and toposheet from the Survey of India for the Ballahalli mini-watershed near Mysore, Karnataka to generate land and water action plan for optimal land and water use by integrating all the thematic maps and collateral data are presented and discussed.

Keywords

Watershed, Thematic Maps, Land And Water Resource Action Plan, Remote Sensing And GIS

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Subhas Balaganvi ¹, M. V. Ranghaswami ², P. Balakrishnan ³, S. B. Salimath ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Hanumanamatti, Haveri (Karnataka), IN
2 Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute (T.N.A.U.), Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
3 College of Agricultural Engineering, Raichur (Karnataka), IN
4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chitradurga (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

A study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Gangavati, in northern Karnataka, India during Rabi/summer, 2007-'08 and 2008-'09 with beetischolar_main (Beta vulgaris) as the test crop in saline vertisol. During both the year and irrespective of the soil salinity levels slightly higher nitrogen was observed at 15 cm away from the dripper point compared to either at the dripper point or distances beyond 15 cm from the dripper point. The magnitude of available nutrients decreased vertically with increase in soil depth. The drip irrigation scheduled at 1.2 ET resulted in the maximum tuber yields of 19.43 and 18.91 t ha^-1 during 2007-'08 and 2008-'09, respectively. Among the salinity levels, the highest tuber yield of 18.23 and 17.89 t ha^-1 were recorded in salinity level-I, respectively. Whereas among the surface irrigation levels, irrigation at 1.2 ET recorded the highest tuber yields of 12.2 and 11.84 t ha^-1, respectively.

Keywords

Drip, Surface Irrigation, Vegetable, Beetischolar_main, Soil Salinity, Potassium Distribution.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹, Samit Bhattacharya ², Anilkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Kerala Circle, Trivandrum, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, OME and MG Division, Calcutta, IN

Abstract

A small body of probable carbonatite of magnetite sovite variety occurs in the foothills east of Kambammettu, in Tamil Nadu. The rock is characterized by the presence of calcite in the main, with magnetite (lumps), apatite, barite, phlogopite, monazite and bastnaesite in subordinate quantity. Trace element study has revealed significant presence of P, Ba, Sr and some rare earth elements like Ce, La and Dy. The rock appears to have been emplaced along a NNE-SSW lineament.

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M. P. Muraleedharan , P. Balakrishnan , K. T. Vidyadharan

Abstract

No Abstract.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Marine Wing, Pandeswar, Mangalore-575 001, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹, A. Umamakeswari ¹, R. Kaviya ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This research work proposes a methodology for estimating the energy consumption of tasks by considering processor and memory usage. Methods: To facilitate energy efficiency in CPU, the mobile devices may be operated at different frequencies during the execution of tasks. This research work applies CPU frequency scaling as its base to achieve energy efficiency. Besides, it also considers energy consumption during memory access while making the offloading decision. Findings: The proposed approach uses energy consumption during computation as well as memory access as its metric to conceive the offloading decision. Additionally, the proposed energy model is simulated and the results are concluded that there is a considerable amount of energy saving in mobile devices due to computation offloading to nearby mobile devices or cloud resources. Applications: To save energy decide which application in mobile as energy consume considered as model. The models work as code offloading in MATLAB and determine by two level genetic algorithms. The efficiency of proposed model is evaluated by a simulation and average energy result can be concluded for a mobile device.

Keywords

Frequency Scaling, Mobile Cloud Computing, Offloading, Task Interaction Graph.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹, Shruti Sharma ², Ranjana Chandrakar ³

Affiliations
1 RITEE College of Nursing, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur (C.G), IN
2 CHL Apollo Hospital, Ujjain (MP), IN
3 NHMMI Hospital, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual ideal body weight .Obesity is associated with increased risk of illness, disability and death. Obesity in children is now one of the most widespread medical problems. Obese children are more likely to be obese adult. Increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity is an important public health problem contributing to significant excess in morbidity and mortality. The descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding obesity and its complication among school children belonging to the age group 10 - 14 years and to find the association between knowledge and selected demographic variables. 40 school children aged between 10 - 14 years were participated from the selected school. The sample was collected by simple random techniques and data collected by administrating structure knowledge questionnaires. Privacy was ensured. The result showed that the majority of sample 60% (24) had moderate knowledge regarding obesity and its complication, mean w as 16.2 (SD 3.50) with the mean percentage of 64.8. The study finding revealed that there is moderate knowledge regarding obesity and its complication among school children indicating the need to in part the knowledge to make them competent and save the life.

Keywords

Knowledge, Obesity and its Complication, School.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 RITEE College of Nursing (RITCON), Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Anthropometric measurements reflect any change in the growth pattern and may be the first clue to a serious problem. Anthropometric measurements are useful indices for assessing Nutritional status of the children. Measurement must be taken at every health care visit from birth to adulthood.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 RITEE College of Nursing, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur (C.G), IN

Abstract

In 1907, Dr James Ramsay Hunt, an American neurologist, described in the syndrome of herpes zoster associated with facial palsy as Ramsay Hunt syndrome II. A great part of the illness is Bell's palsy which itself has many causal factors and is the most common form of facial paralysis worldwide.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 RITEE College of Nursing (RITCON), Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Alcoholism is considered as a serious public health issue in India and at large in the world. Adolescence is a period of the lifecycle when individuals are managing multiple and complex developmental tasks. They have less self control, emotional stability, and more likely to smoke, drink, use drugs, and get into trouble with the law. Alcohol misuse among adolescents is increase and excessive drinking is associated with psychological, social and physical harm to the individual, family and society. Descriptive comparative design was adopted. In view of the nature of the problem and to accomplish the objectives of the study, structured questionnaire and Likert scale was prepared focusing on knowledge and attitude of adolescents regarding alcoholism and its hazards. Validity was ensured in consultation with guides and experts in the field of nursing and medicine. Reliability of the tool was tested (r = 0.92). The study was carried out in Rural and Urban PU College at Bangalore. 60 adolescents were selected by using proportionate stratified random sampling technique from each Pre-University College. Therefore the sample size was 120. After obtaining formal permission from concerned authority structured questionnaire and Likert scale was used to collect the needed data. The result shows that an equal proportion 81.7% (49) of adolescents had moderate level of knowledge in rural and urban PU College. Majority 11.7% (07) of urban PU College had adequate knowledge than the rural (6.7%) PU College adolescents, remaining 11.7% (07) of rural and 6.7% (04) of urban PU College adolescents had inadequate knowledge regarding alcoholism and its hazards. Majority 60% (36) of them had favorable attitude in urban PU College and 55% (33) of them had neutral attitude in rural PU College. None of them was found with unfavorable attitude towards alcoholism and its hazards among rural and urban PU College adolescents. There was a significant positive correlation between the level of knowledge and attitude of adolescents in rural (p<0.05) and urban (p<0.05) PU College at 5% level.

Keywords

Knowledge, Attitude, Alcoholism and its Hazards, Pre-University College.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 RITEE College of Nursing, Chhatauna, Mandir Hasaud, Raipur (C.G), IN

Abstract

Kids with delayed skills or other disabilities might be eligible for special services that provide individualized education programs in public schools, free of charge to families. Understanding how to access these services can help parents be effective advocates for their kids.

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M. Sharmila ¹, P. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This research work reviews different techniques to protect the data and discussed about their merits and demerits which help to realize a secured cloud deduplication environment. Methods: Hybrid cloud based deduplication approach is proposedto avoid the data duplication and to ensure the confidentiality in the cloud. Further, the security investigations ensure that the proposed security framework enhances the data security with an insignificant additional overhead. Mention the data source accessed and keywords used; inclusion and exclusion criteria etc. Findings: Provide your findings. Applications: This approach makes us to understand the elements of good cloud deduplication framework which can be directly used by any cloud storage service provider to reduce their storage costs.

Keywords

Cloud Computing, Data Deduplication, Hybrid Cloud, Private Cloud, Public Cloud.

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P. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, I.I.T., Kanpur, IN

Abstract

A theorem suggested by Polya and proved by many authors, states that an integral function of zero exponential type bounded at the positive and the negative integral points, reduces to a constant.

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Rahul Patil ¹, P. Balakrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, Raichur (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

The study was conducted in an area of 10.65 ha at Agricultural Research Station, Malnoor under UKP command during 2014. The drain discharge was observed with an weighted average discharge of mains was 0.50 mm d^-1 and 0.44 mm d^-1 in the laterals this magnitude could be categorized as low drain discharge and attributed to lower rate of hydraulic conductivity (0.067 m d^-1) and sodic nature of the soil. The ionic composition of leachate was dominated by sodium, while the anionic concentration of leachate was dominated by chlorides and bicarbonates. The pH ranged from 7.10 to 9.10 in the outlets and 6.20 to 8.50 in the laterals and salinity of leachate with mean EC of 9.68 dS m^-1 in collector mains and 9.44 dS m^-1 in laterals implied that it was 9 to 14 times higher than the canal water (0.70 to 1.10 dS m^-1) and not good for irrigation. Groundwater reaction was neutral with a mean pH of 7.64, while the mean salinity of groundwater was very high with the EC of 9.47 dS m^-1 as compared to canal water. The total amount of salt removes was observed to be 3.22 and 5.20 t during the study period, This outgoing salt load over a period of time depending of cropping and irrigation practices would help in reducing the soil salinity and thereby facilitate restoration of soil production capabilities.

Keywords

Drain Discharge, EC, pH, Carbonate, Bicarbonates.

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