Enzyme Research

Mohamed A. Elmonem ¹, Lambertus P. van den Heuvel ¹, Elena N. Levtchenko ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 817, 3000 Leuven, BE

Abstract

Chitotriosidase enzyme (EC: 3.2.1.14) is the major active chitinase in the human body. It is produced mainly by activated macrophages, in which its expression is regulated by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Chitotriosidase was confirmed as essential element in the innate immunity against chitin containing organisms such as fungi and protozoa; however, its immunomodulatory effects extend far beyond innateimmunity. In the current review, we will try to explore the expanding spectrum of immunological roles played by chitotriosidase enzyme in human health and disease and will discuss its up-to-date clinical value.

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