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Shexin Li ¹, Zhanbin Li ¹, Peng Li ¹, Tiegang Zhang ¹

Affiliations
1 Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, CN

Abstract

SCS-CN method, developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is simple, effective and can be used in the area having lack of rainfall process data, thus has been widely used to estimate the runoff. In this study, 213 runoff events from 9 plots at Zizhou located on the Loess Plateau area, were studied and applied to calibrate water storage capability of soil which is donated as S in the SCS-CN method. The influence factors of S parameter were then analysed. The results show that the main influence factor of S is initial abstraction I_a. The initial abstraction ratio (I_a/S) at Tuanshangou watershed is 0.03. The maximum 30-minute rainfall intensity, 5-day prior rainfall amount and soil moisture in the top 20 cm soil layer has no influence on the S parameter.

Keywords

SCS-CN Model, Retention Parameter (S), Runoff, Loess Plateau Area.

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Tiegang Zhang ¹, Peng Li ¹, Zhanbin Li ², Xiaoding Guo ³

Affiliations
1 Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology of MOE, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, CN
2 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, CN
3 Department of Military Economy, Engineering University of CAPF, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710086, CN

Abstract

Vegetation is one of effective methods for soil and water conservation. How to select suitable vegetation species is a key problem in the practice. In this study. through 7 years observations on the rainfall, vegetation cover, total runoff and sediment in the plots, results indicated that the benefit of the vegetative cover on runoff and sediment dominated on all plots. The accumulative sediment yield from bare plot was 7 times to that from Astragalus absurgens + Caragana korshindkii plots, also over 4 times to that from the Medicago sativa, Medicago sativa + Caragana korshindkii and Astragalus absurgens plots. Among all the vegetation types, Caragana korshindkii was the most efficient in reducing the runoff, and the combination of shrub and grass also had better effect in reducing the runoff. The accumulative runoff from bare plot was 2.57 times to that from the C. korshindkii, and over 2 times to that from M. sativa, M. sativa + C. korshindkii, A. absurgens + C. korshindkii and Vicia amucena + C. korshindkii. This study is of great importance for the selection of suitable species for vegetation reconstruction in arid and semi-arid areas.

Keywords

Vegetation Coverage, Runoff, Erosion, Sediment, Shrubs and Grasses, Loess Plateau.

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Peng Li ¹, Linhong Zhang ¹, Zhanbin Li ¹, Liangyong Zheng ¹

Affiliations
1 Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, CN

Abstract

In this research, soil erosion and sediment yield were calculated by runoff shear stress, runoff energy consumption and runoff power theory. Results indicated that a linear relationship existed between the average runoff shear stress and sediment yield. Soil erodibility in the experiment was 178.5g/(Pa·min), and the critical shear stress value was 0.54 Pa. Results from energy consumption implied that there was also a linear relationship between sediment transportation and energy consumption of runoff unit width: Dr = 14.61 (ΔE-0.37), which indicated that the soil erodibility was 14.61g/J, with a critical energy consumption of 0.37J/(min·cm). Results from runoff power theory showed that sediment transportation increased with increase in runoff power, and the simple linear relationship was also regressed: Y = 8942.2x - 68.676. Generally, these three theories each showed certain advantages in describing the soil erosion processes on the slope, among which the results from energy consumption theory were simpler, more accurate, and proved more convenient in describing soil erosion on the slope.

Keywords

Loess Slope, Runoff Energy, Runoff Power, Shear Stress, Soil Erosion.

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Li Han ¹, Jiankang Liu ¹, Xiaojie Lou ¹, Muqing Qiu ¹, Jiangping Song ², Peng Li ²

Affiliations
1 College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, CN
2 Department of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Yuanpei College, Shaoxing, 312000, CN

Abstract

The waste polymer activated carbon was prepared from tyre by NaOH activation, which was used for the adsorption of dye Direct Scarlet 4BS in aqueous solution. The influences of pH value, activated carbon dosage, adsorption time and reaction temperature on adsorption rate were discussed in details. It was shown that the activated carbon dosage, adsorption time and reaction temperature had an important effect on the removal of dye Direct Scarlet 4BS in aqueous solution. However, the removal of dye Direct Scarlet 4BS was little dependent on pH value in solution. At 0.6g of activated carbon, 60mg/L of initial dye concentration, 60min, 35°C and pH 4.0, the removal of dye Direct Scarlet 4BS reached 85.14%.

Keywords

Waste Polymer, Activated Carbon, Direct Scarlet 4BS Dye, Adsorption.

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Yanshun Zhao ¹, Peng Li ², Qilei Yin ¹, Tong Wang ³

Affiliations
1 College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, CN
2 Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute, Xian 710043, CN
3 Changchun Institute of Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, CN

Abstract

This paper researches specialized reverse-circulation drilling bit for multi-layer goaf detection based on the multi-layer goaf detection project of iron ore mine in Yuan Village and designs a sliding-block reverse-circulation drilling bit with innovation, which is designed with large-through hole central channel, double-row inner orifice and sliding block. The structure of sliding block is used on reverse-circulation drilling bit for the first time. The performance of sliding-block reverse-circulation drilling bit is observed in practical drilling test, indicating good effect of reverse circulation, and high drilling efficiency, with the average drilling efficiency of 33.75m/h on extremely cracked land and 10.17m/h on hard land. The sliding-block reverse-circulation drilling bit can effectively solve the problem of blocking central channel since the structure of sliding block can meet the requirement on drilling. The top plate of multi-layer goaf can be drilled through successfully. C-ALS three-dimensional laser scanner can be put down through the central channel to solve the difficulty of simultaneous scan and detection on multi-layer goaf.

Keywords

Goaf, Pass-Through Down-Hole Hammer Reverse-Circulation Drilling Technology, C-ALS Three-Dimensional Laser Scanner, Sliding-Block Reverse-Circulation Drilling Bit.

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