International Journal of One Health

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Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Chickens from Small-Scale (Backyard) Poultry Farms in Maiduguri, Nigeria


Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
3 Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
4 Department of Veterinary Public health, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Pathumwan Bangkok, Thailand
5 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
 

Aim: This study investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri.

Materials and Methods: A total of 96 cloacal swab samples were collected. This comprised of 24 samples each from broiler chicks, pullets, layers, and broilers (adults). The samples were examined for the presence of E. coli using conventional microbiological culture and biochemical tests. The pure E. coli isolates were screened for ESBL production by culturing onto Brilliance™ ESBL agar. Isolates that showed positive reactions with production of bluish or pinkish colonies were tested for susceptibilities against some selected beta-lactam antibiotics which include cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cefpodoxime (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), and ceftazidime (30 μg). Isolates that exhibited resistance to any two or three of the antibiotics were selected and confirmed by combination disk diffusion method with ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (30 μg/10 μg).

Results: The total occurrence of E. coli was 67.6% (65/96) with the highest occurrence of 83.3% (20/24) from broiler chicks and least detection of 54.2% (13/24) from layers. Of this, 32.0% were ESBL-producing E. coli with the highest detection rate from layers (38.5%) and least occurrence from pullets (26.7%).

Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in chickens from small-scale commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri, thus indicating that chickens may serve as important reservoirs for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain.


Keywords

Antimicrobials, Chickens, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Escherichia coli, Maiduguri.
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  • Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Chickens from Small-Scale (Backyard) Poultry Farms in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract Views: 366  |  PDF Views: 99

Authors

Iliya Dauda Kwoji
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
Jasini Athanda Musa
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
Nubwa Daniel
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
Dauda Luka Mohzo
Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus
Department of Veterinary Public health, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Pathumwan Bangkok, Thailand
Abiodun Andrew Ojo
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria
Kingsley Uwakwe Ezema
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Nigeria

Abstract


Aim: This study investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in chickens from small-scale (backyard) commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri.

Materials and Methods: A total of 96 cloacal swab samples were collected. This comprised of 24 samples each from broiler chicks, pullets, layers, and broilers (adults). The samples were examined for the presence of E. coli using conventional microbiological culture and biochemical tests. The pure E. coli isolates were screened for ESBL production by culturing onto Brilliance™ ESBL agar. Isolates that showed positive reactions with production of bluish or pinkish colonies were tested for susceptibilities against some selected beta-lactam antibiotics which include cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cefpodoxime (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), and ceftazidime (30 μg). Isolates that exhibited resistance to any two or three of the antibiotics were selected and confirmed by combination disk diffusion method with ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) alone and in combination with clavulanic acid (30 μg/10 μg).

Results: The total occurrence of E. coli was 67.6% (65/96) with the highest occurrence of 83.3% (20/24) from broiler chicks and least detection of 54.2% (13/24) from layers. Of this, 32.0% were ESBL-producing E. coli with the highest detection rate from layers (38.5%) and least occurrence from pullets (26.7%).

Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in chickens from small-scale commercial poultry farms in Maiduguri, thus indicating that chickens may serve as important reservoirs for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain.


Keywords


Antimicrobials, Chickens, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, Escherichia coli, Maiduguri.

References