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Mokuolu, Olubunmi A.
- Engineering based Environmental Management Strategies for Malaria Control: A Review
Authors
1 Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara state, NG
2 Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, NG
Source
SMU Medical Journal, Vol 3, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 161-176Abstract
Malaria is a major public health problem. One third (3.3 billion people) of the world population in 97 countries and territories are at risk of malaria. In 2014, 550,000 malaria deaths were recorded.
Interventions by vector control with the use of Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLIN) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and use of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) for treatment of confirmed cases of uncomplicated malaria have been major drivers of the reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality reported over the last 15 years. Malaria mortality rates have fallen by 47% globally since 2000; by 54% in the WHO African Region and by 58% in African Children. A total of 4.3 million deaths is estimated to have been averted between year 2000 and 2013. However, the burden of malaria in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) is still unacceptably high. The region has a malaria attributable mortality of 20% in children under five and also accounts for 90% of the global malaria deaths. Nigeria contributes a third of the global malaria deaths and spending on malaria illnesses is estimated to be $1billion per annum in the country.
Other intervention in the area of environmental management is being reviewed in this report as a further support to on-going efforts by WHO and Roll Back Malaria advocacy plan, action and investment to defeat malaria 2016-2030.
Environmental management by modifying the environment to reduce vector accounting for malaria transmission along with on-going efforts on prevention and treatments may bring to achieve the new global development framework for malaria elimination.
Keywords
Mosquito Larvae, Environmental Management, Malaria Control, Control Hierarchy.Full Text
- Assessment of Water Quality in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors
1 Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, NG
Source
SMU Medical Journal, Vol 4, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 120-139Abstract
Water quality of a Nigerian tertiary Hospital with over three thousand staff and up to one thousand patients was investigated. The main source of water supply were the boreholes. Samples were collected from 6 Boreholes and two different brands of sachet water (packaged drinking water) and were tested for the following; pH, total solids, turbidity, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, BOD, COD, DO, Iron, Copper, Lead, E. coli and Total coliform. The results of the evaluations were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) to establish its suitability for human consumption. Statistical tests were conducted to compare experimental results with standards. From the tests conducted, five samples; A, C, D, E and G have higher mean values for lead (Pb) more than prescribed limit of 0.05mg/l by WHO. Microbial in Sample B, C, D, E, F, and G were above the required standard of 0cfu in 100ml. From all the analysis conducted only sample H was found to be in conformity with the WHO and NSDWQ standards in terms of both the physicochemical and the bacteriological analysis. Lead can be removed by reverse osmosis process and the microbial contaminants can be removed by either boiling or by disinfection using chlorine.Keywords
Water Quality, Boreholes, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids, Electrical Conductivity.Full Text
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