SMU Medical Journal https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU SMU Medical Journal is an open access, peer reviewed journal. It is published twice (January and July) in a year. There is no publication charge. Prime focus of the Journal is to publish articles related to research in Medical Sciences both clinical and experimental. The Journal provides the platform with aim of motivating students and researchers in the field of medical science research and development. The purpose of this journal is to publish original research work that contributes significant scientific knowledge in Medical Science Research. All manuscripts are subjected to rapid peer review process and those found of high quality are published in subsequent issue. Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok en-US SMU Medical Journal 2349-1604 Rett Syndrome in Two Iranian Girls https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171327 Rett syndrome is a disorder of early brain development characterized by developmental regression and deceleration of brain growth after a period of relatively normal developmental course. It occurs predominantly in girls. Nearly all cases of Rett syndrome caused by mutation in the methyl CPG binding protein 2 or MECP2 gene. It is characterized by developmental regression of language and motor milestones and acquired microcephaly after 7-8 months. Hallmark of Rett syndrome is repetitive hand wringingmovement and loss of purposeful and spontaneous use of hands. These finding may not appear until 2-3 year of age. Here we report two case with this syndrome from two family that confirmed by molecular analysis. Afsaneh Sahebalzamani 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Eponyms in Dermatology Literature Linked to General Surgery https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171329 In some disorders, there are symptoms or signs shared by dermatology and general surgery specialty. It is also known that there are eponyms in dermatology and general surgery.The aim in this short communication is to shed some lights on the eponyms in dermatology literature linked to general surgery. Fadhel Daifullah Alzahrani Hatim Khogair Khalid Al Aboud Abulrahim Althebyani Abdul-Aziz Althebyani 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Year-To-Year Variation of Deaths in English Small Areas, and the Interaction between a Presumed Infectious Agent and Influenza in 2015 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171332 Deaths in England and Wales in 2015 showed the largest increase over the previous year seen in nearly 50 years. This was partly due to a seasonal influenza outbreak in late 2014 with deaths peaking in January 2015, however, deaths had already shown a step-like increase earlier in 2014 due to an outbreak of a presumed infectious agent. Outbreaks of the other agent between 2002 and 2014 were characterised in very small areas, and this was compared to behaviour in 2015. Both agents were shown to have the potential to spread across all parts of England and Wales. Latest research in immunology is employed to demonstrate that the unusually high deaths in 2015 could have arisen from sequential infection within an overarching framework of the infectious burden in humans. The interaction between the other agent and influenza illustrates how a chance series of events, which may include influenza vaccination, can generate unexpected large increases in mortality and morbidity. Rodney P. Jones 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Comparative Analysis of Baseline and One Year Post HAART Haematological Parameters of HIV Infected Patients in Ilorin, Nigeria https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171335 Haematological abnormalities are common manifestations of HIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HAART on haematological parameters of HIV infected patients.This was a longitudinal prospective study conducted at the HAART clinic of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Eighty newly diagnosed HIV positive patients between 21-75 years who were planned to commence HAART (lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine) were recruited into this study. Baseline and one year post-HAART full blood count were carried out by Sysmex KX21 according to manufacturer’s instructions.Twenty nine percent of the patients had anaemia, 13% had neutropaenia and 0.02% had thrombocytopaenia at presentation. There was a significant increase in mean hemoglobin concentration of the patients from 10.79±1.89g/dl at baseline to 11.52±1.27g/dl at one year post HAART initiation. (P <em>value</em>=0.003) There was a statistically significant difference in mean baseline haemoglobin concentration of patients in WHO clinical stages 1, 2 and 3(11.67±1.39g/dl, 10.47±2.09g/dl, 10.00±1.86g/dl respectively; P=0.012). HIV patients were more likely to present with anaemia followed by neutropaenia and rarely thrombocytopaenia. Severity of anaemia increased with disease progression. HAART led to improvement in haematological abnormalities with significant increase in haemoglobin concentration. Haemoglobin concentration may therefore be used to monitor response to HAART in HIV infected patients. Olawumi Hannah Oluwayemisi Babatunde Abiola Samuel Adepoju Ayodeji Majeed Omokanye Khadijat Olaitan Jaiyeola Aminah Ayokunnu Ogunfemi Mutiat Kehinde Oladosu-Olayiwola Oluwatosin Rashidat A. Sani Musa 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 The Comparison of Maximal Platelet Aggregation in the Presence of Disperse Primary and Monolayer Secondary HUVEC Exposed to Testosterone in High Glucose Medium https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171338 To explore in vitro models in examining the influence of testosterone (T) to platelet activation through endothelial cells in hyperglycemia condition. Disperse primary and monolayer secondary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in high glucose (HG) medium were exposed to T. Maximal platelet aggregation in the presence of HUVEC was measured using turbidimetric method. Maximal platelet aggregation in the presence of disperse primary HUVEC exposed to 0, 1, 10, and 100 nM of T were 69.4%, 65.4%, 67.6%, and 62.05%, whereas of monolayer secondary HUVEC were 46.5%, 43.9%, 48.1%, and 37.45%, respectively. Maximal platelet aggregation was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) in disperse primary HUVEC than in monolayer secondary HUVEC. The two methods were moderately correlated (r = 0.06; p = 0.079) in terms of endothelial activation.Maximal platelet agregation in the presence of disperse primary HUVEC is higher than, but correlated to, of monolayer secondary HUVEC, which is exposed to T in HG medium. Ikhlas Muhammad Jenie Soedjono Aswin Budi Mulyono Kadarsih Soejono 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Evaluation of Palliative Care, Pain Management in Patients Receiving Chemo-Radiation in Sudan https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171341 The palliative treatment as active total treat of patients whose disease is not quick to respond to therapeutic management. The intention of the management in the palliative treatment phase are mainly to control the symptoms, to enhance the value of life to patients who have limited remaining period. The aim of the study to evaluate the treatment of pain protocols for chemo-irradiation Patients using the EORTC-QOL-C30 survey form and patients' prognosis. This study is a cross-sectional study, which was performed in amongst the cancer patients in Sudan. The sample magnitude was 100 patients whose different types of tumors. All patients were underwent chemo-irradiation. The radiotherapy was delivered by using tele-cobalt and Linear acceralator machines. The prescribed radiation dose was (20-30 Gy for 4 sessions or five Gy fraction for 6 sessions). The following information was retrieved form patients' files system: patient age, gender, symptoms and its intervals, site of tumor and its magnitude, pain valuation, management outcomes, transfers and obedience to it, condition after treatment, and general condition at last recovery duration. The average age of the patients was 59 + 7.7 years (female) and 58 + 9.1 (male) (p &lt; 0.005). Each EORTC-QOL-C30 questionnaire used to evaluate the patients' condition. The results of this research showed that there was augmentation stated (p &lt; 0.005) in health related quality of life (HRQOL). The most patient’s use type of drugs of chemotherapy to treatment are platinum and less number, patient’s use drugs are Alkylating and Vinca alkaloids agents. Yousif Mohamed Y. Abdallah Monera A. Omer 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Distribution of Myocardial Infarction Population According to Place of Residence https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171345 The aim was to evaluate the effect of the location of habitation on myocardial infarction incidences in various zones. Survey was executed in the Heart Center, in between July 2012 to June 2014. Survey sample includes a sum of two hundred and fifty participant patients 67.2% masculines and 32.8% feminines and age range between 22 to 86 years; with an average of 61.92±15.1 years, who subjected cardiac ultrasound scanning were recorded in this potential study. Echocardiography studies were achieved using Esaote echocardiography apparatus with Phased array transducer with a frequency of 2.5 MHz. The average of the Quetelet index (QI) and the standard deviation was 28.66±5.4 kg/m2 .And their habitation areas were split into 3 sets in which 52.8% of the Capital District (CD); 30.4% of Urban District (UD); and 16.8%from Rural Distric (RD). Habitation areas display considerable relationship with myocardial infarction hazard around the earth. The spread has risen as pointed by researches in the last 10 years. Predictions for tomorrow also forecast a same tendency. The Necessity of the day is to follow up and carefully observe the spread of illness with conservation of suitable and elaborated information on hospital, society and other levels. This shall help in assessing the influence of exact calibration and strategies of fitness. Bahaaedin A. Elkhader Abdullah O. Alamoudi 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Reaction Time in Healthy Female Subjects in Relation to Monthly Sexual Cycle https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171347 To examine whether mental process in female subjects is influenced by monthly sexual cycle. Reaction time (RT) was measured in twenty healthy female undergraduates, who had regular menstrual cycle, normal body mass index and normal hearing function, low anxiety level, and had no color blindness. Simple and choice RT to visual and auditory stimuli were measured using a response velocity measurement device. The RT measurements were done in day 4 of the cycle (menstruation phase) and day 7 (follicular phase) with the randomly assigned time order. Data were analyzed using paired t-test. Visual RT, auditory RT, and choice RT decreased significantly in follicular phase than during menstruation (p &lt; 0.05). Mental process in female subjects is influenced by monthly sexual cycle. Anita Tri Kusuma Ikhlas Muhammad Jenie 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Assessment of Water Quality in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171349 Water quality of a Nigerian tertiary Hospital with over three thousand staff and up to one thousand patients was investigated. The main source of water supply were the boreholes. Samples were collected from 6 Boreholes and two different brands of sachet water (packaged drinking water) and were tested for the following; pH, total solids, turbidity, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, BOD, COD, DO, Iron, Copper, Lead, E. coli and Total coliform. The results of the evaluations were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) to establish its suitability for human consumption. Statistical tests were conducted to compare experimental results with standards. From the tests conducted, five samples; A, C, D, E and G have higher mean values for lead (Pb) more than prescribed limit of 0.05mg/l by WHO. Microbial in Sample B, C, D, E, F, and G were above the required standard of 0cfu in 100ml. From all the analysis conducted only sample H was found to be in conformity with the WHO and NSDWQ standards in terms of both the physicochemical and the bacteriological analysis. Lead can be removed by reverse osmosis process and the microbial contaminants can be removed by either boiling or by disinfection using chlorine. Olubunmi A. Mokuolu Oluwatosin Olofintoye 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Levels of Adipokines–Adiponectin and Resistin in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171354 It has been recently proven, that the adipose tissue is not just a passive energy depot, but rather active endocrine organ – adipocytes are expressing on their surface multiple receptors and are releasing adipokines, hormones, cytokines, growth factors. Aim of the present study was to examine the serum levels of adipokines – adiponectin and resistin in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2 (NDDMt2). A prospective, comparative, observational study was performed. In 45 subjects with MS and NDDMt2 (n<sub>1</sub>=45) and 35 clinical health subjects (n<sub>2</sub>=35) were measured and compared the serum levels of adipokines – adiponectin and resistin. Two homoeostasis models assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and of β-cell function (HOMA-%В) were calculated. A significantly lower level of adiponectin was detected in patients with MS and NDDMt2 in comparison whit the control group (n<sub>1</sub>=0.97±0.47 vs. n<sub>2</sub>=1.96±0.73 μg/ml; p=0.005). A significantly higher level of resistin was found in patients with MS and NDDMt2 in comparison whit controls (n<sub>1</sub>=1.85±0.70 vs. n<sub>2</sub>=0.71±0.31 ng/ml; p=0.025). We have found negative correlations between concentration of adiponectin and serum levels of resistin, BMI and waist circumference in MS and NDDMt2 patients. The resistin was positively correlated with BMI and waist circumference, and was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol in MS and NDDMt2 patients.Patients with MS and NDDMt2 exhibited significantly changes in levels of adiponectin and resistin. Indicated adipokines may have predictive value of progression from normal to pathological carbohydrate metabolism. Rayanova Ginka Ganeva Silviya Todorova Кatya Lukanov Tsvetan Blajeva Svetla 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Antibacterial Activity of <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> Leaf Extracts on Some Microorganisms Associated with Dental Plaque https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171355 Dental plaque has become a major problem in Africa and the world and current antibiotics has almost become ineffective for its treatment. Hence there is a need to find alternative ways of treatment for dental plaque. <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> is used for this purpose in many parts of Africa. Bacteria were isolated from dental plaque and identified using morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates. The study of the activity of <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> leaf extracts dissolved in four solvents (Ethanol, Ethyl acetate, Dichloromethane, Hexane) on some bacteria isolated from patients with dental plaque were investigated using the agar well diffusion and the broth dilution method. The bacteria isolated were <em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Serratia marcescens, Neisseria sicca, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium matruchotii</em>. The results obtained showed that the ethanolic extracts had the highest antibacterial activity on the test bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging from 2.0mm to 13.0mm, and a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 5mg/ml to 10mg/ml. The dichloromethane extracts had the lowest activity with a zone of inhibition ranging from 1.0mm to 4.0mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 10mg/ml-20mg/ml while they had no activity on some of the test bacteria. <em>Anacardium occidentale</em> leaf can act as a good alternative to standard drugs as a treatment for dental plaque and other infections caused by these bacteria. I. B. Onajobi A. I. Adam S. A. Adeyemi A. B. Agbaje 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior towards Dietary Salt Intake among Bangladeshi Population https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171357 Dietary salt intake behavior is higher among Bangladeshi population than the global perspective with also higher prevalence of extra salt intake during meal. Salt intake practices depend on the level of knowledge and attitude of the people. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice towards dietary salt intake among the Bangladeshi population. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 466 adult respondents (age≥18 years) from all of the seven divisional districts of Bangladesh. Data were collected from the government declared public places following convenient sampling technique; Face-to-face interviews were conducted using WHO Modified Salt Module of STEPS Questionnaire. Men respondents were more (74.7%), mean age was 34.2±12.9 years. More than two in every five respondents (44.4%) believed that they were used to consume just right amount of salt, whereas 60.7% believed that too much salt could cause serious health problems, and it was very important to lower salt intake among 38.8% respondents. More than two third (72.5%) of respondents were used to add extra salt during their meals, noticeable proportion was regular user (25.1%). Most of them were used to practice high salt content processed food in sometimes basis (29.8%). In a conclusion, it was noticed little gap between level of knowledge as well as attitude and level of salt and salty foods practices among the Bangladeshi population. Rajib Mondal Rajib Chandra Sarker Palash Chandra Banik Narayan Prasad Acharya Sadiya Sultana Madumita Md. Shamim Hosen 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Knowledge and Practices of Postnatal Exercises:A Comparative Survey among Urban and Rural Postpartum Mothers in Enugu, Nigeria https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171362 Studies on maternal postnatal exercise profiles have been focused in urban areas resulting in scarcity of literature on postnatal exercise practices in rural areas. This study compared knowledge and practice of postnatal exercises between rural and urban Nigerian postpartum mothers. A cross-sectional study of 351 mothers (200 urban and 151 rural women) recruited from eight selected hospitals (four urban and four rural) from South-East Nigeria was carried out. A three-section questionnaire that assessed socio-demographics, maternal characteristics, knowledge and practice of postnatal exercises was employed. Descriptive and inferential knowledge of postnatal exercises (urban-90.5%, rural-98.0%), with preponderance in the rural women, although not statistically significant (p=0.462). Prevalence of non-practice of postnatal exercises was more among the rural women (79.5%) as compared to urban women (54.5%) with a significant difference (p&lt;0.001) between the groups. Insufficient information on postnatal exercises (urban = 85.3%; rural = 94.2%) was the major barrier to postnatal exercise practice. Most of the women (urban-87.0%; rural–94.7%) exercised for about 1-4 days per week, mainly based on self-prescription (urban-53.8%, rural-54.8%). Majority of Nigerian postpartum mothers demonstrated poor knowledge and practice of postnatal exercises, with preponderance among rural women. Ojukwu Chidiebele Petronilla Ugwu Anthony Mmaduabuchi Anekwu Emelie Moris Davidson John Okwudili Ikele Chioma Nneka 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Threats and Treasure in the Use of Human Jewelry Using Microbial Analysis https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171364 This study aims at examining the prevalence of microbial contamination of human jewelries and determining the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. Fifty pieces of gold jewelries comprising 25necklaces and wristwatches each that have not been washed for over four months pre-study were swabbed from volunteer students. Total viable bacteria, coliforms and fungal count were obtained on nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and potato dextrose agar respectively. Pure isolates obtained were characterized in accordance with standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the bacterial isolates were determined using Kirby-Bauer. Necklace samples recorded total viable bacteria count (TVBC) ranged from 1.4 x 10<sup>4</sup> to 4.3 x 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml while total coliform counts ranged from 0 to 2.9 x 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml. Fungal counts ranged from 1.1 x 10<sup>3</sup> to 3.1 x 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml. In wristwatch samples, TVBC ranged from 1.3 x 10<sup>4</sup> to 3.6 x 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml and TCC ranged from 0 to 1.8 x 10<sup>4</sup> cfu/ml while fungal counts ranged from 1.2 x 10<sup>3</sup> to 2.7 x 10<sup>3</sup> cfu/ml. Bacteria isolates include; <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Klebsiella</em> species, while fungi include <em>Aspergillus niger, Alternaria</em> species, <em>Penicillus</em> species and <em>Epidermophyton</em> species. <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Bacillus</em> species were resistance to septrin, amoxicillin, gentamicin and tarivids while <em>Klebsiella</em> species, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella</em> species and <em>Proteus</em> species were susceptible to sparfloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to augmentin and perfloxacin. This study revealed that pieces of necklaces and wristwatches could be colonized by pathogenic microorganisms. It is therefore very pertinent to regularly sanitize jewelries. I. B. Onajobi A. I. Adam O. J. Adeyemi 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Production of Protease from Soil Fungi by Submerged Fermentation https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171365 The demand of proteases is increasing regularly because of their numerous applications in the biotechnological industries. It promotes isolation and identification of potent protease producing fungi from soil samples. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to screen soil fungi in submerged fermentation (SmF) for detection of hyperproducer isolate and production of protease in SmF. Fungal strains from three diverse soil samples were isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates by serial dilution agar plate technique, purified by point inoculation and twelve isolates utilized for production of extracellular protease in SmF. Results were examined both in terms of protease activity and specific activity. Among all 12 fungal strains, isolate S2St1 (isolated from medicinal garden soil) exhibited maximum activity of protease (256.63 ± 3.18 U/ml/min) at 72 h of incubation. Isolate S2St1 was identified as potent producer of protease in SmF. Further this isolate can be used for production of large quantity of protease in SmF within very short time period of 3 days. Arun Kumar Sharma Shreya Negi Vinay Sharma Jyoti Saxena 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Effect of Season on <i>In vitro</i> Anti Oxidant Activity of <i>Aageratum conyzoides</i> L. Leaves https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171366 Effect of season on in vitro anti oxidant activity of <em>Aageratum conyzoides</em> Linn (<em>A. conyzoides</em> L.) leaves was studied. <em>A. conyzoides</em> L. leaves were collected in different seasons and its in vitro antioxidant activity was checked by superoxide anion generation with the help of xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay and with linoleic acid peroxidation assay as well as DPPH photometric assay. Total phenol, flavonoids, ascorbic acid and carotenoids contents of <em>A. conyzoides</em> L. leaves in different seasons were also estimated. Results showed that leaves of <em>A. conyzoides</em> L. of the month July and August had maximum in vitro anti oxidant activity. Anti oxidant activity was related with high content of total phenol, flavonoid and ascorbic acid in the leaves. Prasenjit Mitra Tanaya Ghosh Prasanta Kumar Mitra 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Optimization of Protease Production from Wild and Mutant Strains of <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. under Submerged Fermentation https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171368 Proteases are one of the most significant groups of commercial enzymes and contribute 60% of the world enzyme market. The choice of proteases is the microbial proteases due to their versatility, stability and distinctive properties. Today, microbial proteases are utilized in various industries <em>viz</em>., meat processing, ripening of cheese, detergents, textile, recovery of silver from photographic image etc. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to increase the protease production from wild and mutagenic strain of <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. Wild and mutagenic strain of proteolytic soil fungus <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. was used for optimization study. Different parameters (nitrogen, carbon sources, temperature, pH and incubation time) were optimized in submerged fermentation (SmF) for enhanced protease production. Wild strain demonstrated highest protease activity at pH 10.0 after 48 h of incubation at 37 °C in the medium containing glucose as carbon source and yeast extract as nitrogen source whereas optimum protease activity from mutagenic strain was found at pH 10.0 after 94 h of incubation at 37 °C in the medium containing fructose as carbon source and peptone as nitrogen source. Protease production was increased from wild and mutagenic strain of <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. after parameters optimization in SmF. Arun Kumar Sharma Shreya Negi Vinay Sharma Jyoti Saxena 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Determination of Cyanide in Blood Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171369 Cyanide is present in two major forms such as sodium cyanide (NaCN) and potassium cyanide (KCN) and is highly toxic. Cyanide is the inhibitor of cytochrome C oxidase. Most hazardous compound is hydrocyanic acid that can be inhaled as gas at ambient room temperature. Oral ingestion of cyanide in liquid and solid form i.e. 200 mg or inhalation of 270 ppm in air causes death within minutes. Cyanide in body fluid can be determined using spectrophotometric techniques which are very time consuming and requires lot of sample pre-treatment. An attempt has been made to develop the new method for determination cyanide in blood using Multi Mode electrode in differential pulse voltammetry. Blood was processed using microwave assisted closed vessel digestion using 35% nitric acid and ultrapure water. The buffer of pH 10.2 was used with a sweep rate of 0.01V/s and pulse amplitude 0.05V by HMDE by standard addition method. The solution was stirred during pre-electrolysis at 0.00 V for purge time of 300 seconds from 0.00V to -0.500V. A. K. Jaiswal Raj Kumar Anita Yadav Rajesh Kumar Tabin Millo S. K. Gupta 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Isolation and Characterization of a Compound from the Leaves of <i>Amaranthus spinosus</i> Linn. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171372 By solvent extraction, acid hydrolysis, chromatography followed by crystallization, a compound was isolated from the leaves of <em>Amaranthus spinosus</em> Linn. Infra red spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that the isolated compound was chemically 3,4 dihydroxy benzoic acid. Prasanta Kumar Mitra Tanaya Ghosh Prasenjit Mitra Sumanta Gupta Basudeb Basu 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4 Reflexion of Emotional Disorder Upon the Physical Health https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/SMU/article/view/171375 There is little doubt that many chronic diseases originate from persistent mental disturbances like feelings of anger, mental stress, anxiety and depression. Psychosomatic disorder is the illness where emotional factors produce physical symptoms. Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Psychogenic vomiting, Psychogenic vertigo, Functional indigestion, Habitual hyperthermia, Psychosomatic cystitis, Chronic pain syndrome, Sexual dysfunction are the common psychosomatic disorders. In this age of globalization and superfast life style the incidence of psychosomatic disorder is increasing rapidly. Research oriented findings show that emotional problems are playing an important role in the genesis of any dermatitis. Man’s mind and body cannot be separated. Thus physical illness and mental illness are interrelated. So during the process of treatment of any chronic disease, information regarding mental condition of the patient is very important. Ajoy Kumar Ghosh 2017-07-01 2017-07-01 4