Exploring the Risk Factors behind Early Childhood Caries

ECC is a critical global health challenge affecting young children. The aim of this study is to assess the potential association of infant feeding practices, breastfeeding and its duration, and such other factors as socio-demographic determinants and maternal influences with the risk of early childhood caries (ECC) among young children (2 to 5yrs). The methodology consists a critical review of the existing literature, which was obtained through an electronic search of Pub Med, MEDLINE, Canadian Best Practices Portal, and UNBC library electronic databases. The review reveals that cariogenic diet, low socioeconomic status, parental influences and feeding habits are potential risk factors for development of ECC. However, there is lack of information about factors such as the effect of, day time v/s night time breast feeding or bottle feeding, quantity and quality of breastfeeding, specific characteristics of poverty associated with ECC, and the effect of both prenatal and postnatal smoke. The study concludes that the existing literature is characterized by numerous conflicting reports and unanswered questions regarding the aetiology of the disease. In effect, there is a need for substantive research to identify the specific characteristics of each factor that contributes to or causes ECC.