Rashtriya Krishi (English)

Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Biofuel development in India centres mainly on the cultivation and processing of Jatropha plant seeds which are very rich in oil (40%). The drivers for this are historic, functional, economic, environmental, moral and political. Jatropha oil has been used in India for several decades as biodiesel for the diesel fuel requirements of remote rural and forest communities; jatropha oil can be used directly after extraction (i.e. without refining) in diesel generators and engines. Jatropha has the potential to provide economic benefits at the local level since under suitable management it has the potential to grow in dry marginal non-agricultural lands, thereby allowing villagers and farmers to leverage non-farm land for income generation. As well, increased Jatropha oil production delivers economic benefits to India on the macroeconomic or national level as it reduces the nation’s fossil fuel import bill for diesel production (the main transportation fuel used in the country); minimizing the expenditure of India’s foreign-currency reserves for fuel allowing India to increase its growing foreign currency reserves (which can be better spent on capital expenditures for industrial inputs and production). And since Jatropha oil is carbon-neutral, large-scale production will improve the country’s carbon emissions profile. Finally, since no food producing farmland is required for producing this biofuel (unlike corn or sugar cane ethanol, or palm oil diesel).

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Drought is the greatest annoyance in countries like India where the economy is still depends on the agriculture. Hence tackling drought is foreseeable. The adoption of appropriate soil management regimes like conservational tillage, mulching, use of manure, compost, green manure, concentrated organic manure and sheep penning can show the way to an enhanced agricultural production in drought hit areas of our country. These management practices are not only cheap but also effective, environment friendly, good from soil health view point and sustainable in long period of time.

Full Text

     

Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

A detailed retrospective of the Green Revolution, its achievement and limits in terms of agricultural productivity improvement, and its broader impact at social, environmental, and economic levels is provided. Lessons learned and the strategic insights are reviewed as the world is preparing a “redux” version of the Green Revolution with more integrative environmental and social impact combined with agricultural and economic development. Core policy directions for Green Revolution 2.0 that enhance the spread and sustainable adoption of productivity enhancing technologies are specified. The developing world witnessed an extraordinary period of food crop productivity growth over the past 50 y, despite increasing land scarcity and rising land values. Although populations had more than doubled, the production of cereal crops tripled during this period, with only a 30% increase in land area cultivated.

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Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Lantana camara is an aggressive alien flora in the country. Invasive alien species are non-native organisms that cause, or have the potential to cause, damage to the environment, economics or human health. Aliens are invariably introduced without their natural enemies that control and balance their spread in their native land and hence grow without any hindrance causing damage to the environment. Alien flora are often referred to as ‘biological pollutants’ due to their detrimental impacts on the man managed and natural ecosystems.

Full Text

     

Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Soil erosion is a world-wide challenge for sustainability of agriculture especiallyin the tropical region. The rates of soil erosion that exceed the generation of new top soilare a dynamic process which leads to decline in the soil productivity, low agricultural yield and income. The balance between soil-forming and depleting processes is of utmost importance for attaining long-term sustainability in any production system. Land degradation in the form of soil erosion is a major problem in the semiarid region of Lower Chambal Valley. In the present study Land sat satellite images for the years of 1977, 1990 and 2000 have been used to identify the change in degraded land in the region. Evidences suggest that the rate of encroachment of arable land is high and is equal to spreading rate of degraded land. The data obtained by field survey reveal that productivity of crop land is negatively correlated with share of degraded land to gross cropped area. The productivity of agriculture, measured through gross value of output per area, is comparatively high in villages having fewer shares of degraded land and vice-versa. Simple linear regression model explains high variation of productivity by high share of degraded land (above 50 % of gross cropped area).

Full Text

     

Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Tropical country like India global warming would adversely affect the human health. Moreover, the incidence of mosquito borne infectious diseases like malaria, Japanese encephalitis, filaria, dengue fever, chikungunya and West Nile fever would increase. Whereas, the scourges of sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS, hepatitis B, gonorrhoea and syphilis would also increase 7 fold. There would also be raise the incidence of non-infectious diseases like night blindness, rickets, anaemia, marasmus, beriberi, kwashiorkor and pellagra.

Full Text

     

Ashish Dwivedi ¹, Vineet Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Soil Science, SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

There is no reliable study of worldwide damage due to weeds. However, it is widely known that losses caused by weeds have exceeded the losses from any category of agricultural pests such as insects, nematodes, diseases, rodents, etc. The potential crop yield loss without weed control was estimated by 43%, on a global scale. While has reported that of the total annual loss of agricultural produce from various pests, weeds account for 45%, insects 30%, diseases 20% and other pests 5%. Annual worldwide losses to weeds were estimated to comprise approximately 10-15% of attainable production among the principal food sources. Moreover, among insects collected, 50% were harmful either as pests of plants or parasites on useful insects and other animals. These matter collected at different research paper, showed that insects and weed are widely distributed on the earth and play a vital role in the environment.

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