Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology

Shoaib Ahmad ¹

Affiliations
1 University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rayat-Bahra University, Mohali 140104, IN

Abstract

Ambroxol hydrochloride (trans-4-[(2-amino-3,5-dibrom-benzyl)amino]cyclohexano hydrochloride; CAS 18683-91-5) is a mucolytic agent. It is an ingredient of several cough and cold formulations - particularly syrups and tablets. The pharmacological properties (i.e. anesthetic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory) have aroused the interest of the scientific community in this molecule. As a result, many studies have focused on the formulation of the lozenges of ambroxol hydrochloride. The commercial marketing of these lozenges started in the year 2002. The reported strengths of these lozenges are 15, 20, and 30 mg. The studies have indicated that bioavailability of the drug from lozenges is better than the tablets. It is so apparently because dissolution of the lozenges in the mouth itself adds to the systemic circulation. Hence, the lozenges can be better candidate for treating respiratory tract problems and associated symptoms. The lozenges are usually well tolerated. The present communication is an attempt to present an overview of the recent developments concerning ambroxol hydrochloride lozenges.

Keywords

Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Lozenges, Pharmacokinetics, Mucolytic, Anti-Inflammatory, Safety.

Full Text

     

Shoaib Ahmad ¹

Affiliations
1 University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rayat-Bahra University, Mohali 140104, IN

Abstract

The self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) are one of the novel drug delivery systems. SMEDDS help in overcoming a number of formulation-related issues such as solubility, absorption, drug targeting etc. Indian scientists and acdemicians have made significant and substantial contribution to design and developments of SMEEDS. Lipophilic, anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-viral drugs have been quite popular for development of SMEDDS. Approaches have been suggested and experimentally proven that SMEDDS in many cases have enhanced therapeutic profiles. SMEDDS for polyphenols have been developed. Pharmacokinetics and IVIVC potential of SMEDDS has also been discussed. The Indians community has worked on design and development of SMEDDS of synthetic drugs such as celecoxib, acyclovir, ritonavir, tacrolimus, exemestane, bicalutamide, valsartan, candesartan cilexetil, etc. have been developed. Similarly SMEDDS of natural origin drugs such as beta-Artemether, curcumin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, silymarin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, etoposide etc. have also been prepared. SMEDDS has been successfully tried for lymphatic targeting of drugs. Still, here are still more challenges ahead in SMEDDS formulation and development. The present article attempts to outline the contribution of Indians in this promising field.

Keywords

SMEDDS, Design, India, Lipophilic Drugs, Pharmacokinetics.

Full Text

     

Shoaib Ahmad ¹

Affiliations
1 University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rayat-Bahra University, Mohali 140104, IN

Abstract

Patents are one of the most important forms of Intellectual Property Rights needed for protection of the innovation in pharmaceutical industry. Each innovation in pharmaceutical industry requires considerable amount of investment in research and development activity in the industry. Specialized workers are required for undertaking the activities that could usher in the element of innovation in pharmaceutical industry. These innovations can be in the form of pharmaceutical, biotechnology, nanotechnology and herbal products as well as in the form of technology used in production process, pre-formulation, formulation and packaging of such products. There are market-specific issues that are required to be addressed keeping in view the various trade agreements and court decisions. In many cases, the patents may require compulsory licensing to the third parties. In many cases, pharmaceutical industry feels threatened by bilateral or multilateral trade agreements / treaties, patent protection acts and court decisions. There is an urgent need to address this issue so that the pharmaceutical industry is able to contribute its desired inputs in the welfare of the people in need of new medicines. The present paper is an attempt to give a concise overview of the issues in Patents for Pharmaceutical Products and Technology.

Keywords

Pharmaceutical Industry, Drugs, Biotech Products, Nanotechnology, Patents, Legality.

Full Text