Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Kumar, Sanjay
- History of Electoral Violence in Bihar
Abstract Views :204 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 PG Department of Political Science, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, IN
1 PG Department of Political Science, B. R. A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, IN
Source
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol 6, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 277-283Abstract
The first light of democracy on the globe was seen in Bihar about 400 BCE in Vaishali (modern Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Sitamarhi, Seohar and adjoining districts) more than two thousand years before the British rulers introduced the local self government in India. Bihar has been a socially backward caste dominated state in terms of population. However, during the British period and the first four decades post independence period, the upper caste dominated the politics of Bihar. We find that the backward castes and people of schedule castes and schedule tribes (with parts now gone with Jharkhand) who accounted about 85 to 87 % of the total population mostly remained out of the power or their presence remained symbolic. Not only they got only symbolic representation, their voters were asked to vote upon the will of their upper caste masters. Those who protested paid the cost. Freedom of India brought some change. Reservation was given to SC and ST people in the parliament and legislative bodies which gave them an opportunity to raise their representation. Although, the people of backward castes did not get any reservation, however, they realised the power of their proportion in the population and began to challenge the hegemony of upper castes. To most part of this period congress ruled the local self government bodies as well as the state government. The politics of Bihar Congress have been always dominated by the upper caste leaders even when the post of the Chief Minister went with Dalit leaders like Bhola Paswan Shastri. The major part of the twentieth century, congress ruled the state. After a little stint of Janta Government, Congress returned to power in 1980 and remained till 1990. In 1990, Laloo Prasad Yadav became the chief minister of Janta Dal government. In 1991, V.P. Singh announced 27% reservation of OBCs. This changed the equation of politics in Bihar forever. Earlier, the upper caste dominated Congress party and its supporter had been causing violence in election, now in the name of social justice Laloo began to embrace all sorts of criminal elements in his party. In the 10 years Rule of Congress from 1980-1990, and 15 years of Laloo and his wife from 1990 - 2005, Bihar set records for booth capturing, pre and post pole violence. After, 2005, the situation has changed but still the incidents of peaceful booth capturing and social unrest take place in Bihar. In October- November 2015, the assembly election is purposed in the state and the peaceful elections are a challenge not only for the election commission of India and the state government but also for the people of Bihar.Keywords
Bihar Elections, Caste Conflicts, Booth Capturing, Electoral Violence, Social Changes.- A Brief History of India- China Relations
Abstract Views :376 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Political Science, Kartik Oraon College, (Ranchi University) Gumla, 835207, Jharkhand, IN
1 Department of Political Science, Kartik Oraon College, (Ranchi University) Gumla, 835207, Jharkhand, IN
Source
Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol 10, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 720-728Abstract
India and China are two emerging superpowers of the 21st century. The two Asian giants have thousands of years old cultural and trade relations. India always supported China at various platforms but the relationship soured after the Communist China annexed Tibet and attacked India. The defeat in 1962 changed the Indian mindset about China. The bilateral relationship between two countries was restored in 1980s of and today China is the biggest trade partner of India. Nevertheless, China always flexes its muscles over various issues ranging from its claim on Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh to building military bases in the immediate neighbourhood of India. In this context, it is important to examine the relationship of these two countries.Keywords
Panchsheel, Conflict, Skirmish, Thaw, String of Pearls, Veto, Trade- deficit, Bilateral Treaty, Border Dispute, Standoff, Doklam, Demarcation of border, CPEC, OBOR, etc.References
- Chellaney, Brahma. " India’s China appeasement itch". Livemint. May 09,2016
- The 8-year provision is in Article 6 of the Agreement.
- The full text of this agreement (which entered into force on 3 June 1954) is in United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 299, United Nations, pp. 57-81.
- Ghoshal, Devjyot "When India’s first prime minister visited China in 1954" Quartz India. May 14, 2015
- Marcello, Patricia Cronin (2003). "The Dalai Lama: A Biography". Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-32207-5.
- The CIA's Secret War in Tibet, Kenneth Conboy, James Morrison, The University Press of Kansas, 2002.
- Maxwell, Neville (2015). India's China War (2nd Ed). New Delhi: Natraj Publishers ISBN 978-8181582508.
- Maxwell, Neville (2015). India's China War (2nd Ed). New Delhi: Natraj Publishers ISBN 978-8181582508.
- Thapliyal, Sheru. (Retired Major General of the Indian Army, who commanded the Nathu La Brigade.). "The Nathu La skirmish: when Chinese were given a bloody nose". Force Magazine (2009).
- Fravel, M. Taylor (2008). "Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes". Princeton University Press. pp. 197–199. ISBN 1400828872.
- G. Parthasarathy. "China had taught India a "lesson" in 1962". Business Line, July 18, 2003
- Katoch, Prakash."Sikkim standoff: India should be ready for long haul as impasse may go beyond Wangdung incident." First Post 10, 2017
- Lin Liangguang Ye Zhengjia and Han Hua, Contemporary China’s Relations with South Asia Countries, Beijing: Social Sciences Documentation Publishing House 2001.
- "Why is China alienating half a billion young Indians?". scmp.com. July 25, 2017.
- Chawla, Prabhu. "Historic visit to China by Prime Minister Vajpayee brings Beijing and Delhi closer". India Today July 07, 2003
- As published in Indian New Media on April 09/10, 2005
- "India and China row over border" BBC News, Nov.14, 2006.
- "China denies visa to IAS officer". CNN-IBN. May 25, 2007.
- "A thaw? China lets Arunachalee visit". The Times of India. December 09, 2007
- "China objected to ADB loan to India". The New Indian Express. July 09, 2009
- "As published in various news papers and reports on electronic media in India. April 11,2011.
- "China wants to deepen strategic cooperation with India: Hu Jintao". The Times of India. March 30,2012
- Nelson, Dean. "China warns India of arrogance over missile launch." The Telegraph. April 20, 2012.
- Defence News. "India Destroyed Bunkers in Chumar to Resolve Ladakh Row."Defence News. May 08, 2013.
- "China reiterates claim on Arunachal Pradesh through mouthpiece - Times of India". September 03, 2014.
- Reports in Indian Media.
- 'Modi showcases Gujarati culture at Xi Jinping’s reception in Ahmedabad: PTI '. September17, 2014
- Barry, Steven Lee Myers, Ellen; Fisher, Max. "How India and China Have Come to the Brink Over a Remote Mountain Pass". The New York Times. 26 July 2017
- "Recent Developments in Doklam Area". Ministry of External Affairs statement 17 August 2017
- Panda, Ankita. "What's Driving the India-China Standoff at Doklam?". The Diplomat August 17, 2017
- 'Not the 1962 India anymore': Jaitley's response to China'. Times of India. June 30,2017
- The Foreign Ministry of PRC."The Facts and China's Position Concerning the Indian Border Troops' Crossing of the China-India Boundary in the Sikkim Sector into the Chinese Territory ( August 02,2017)"
- "India, China likely to jointly undertake projects in Afghanistan", The Economic Times, May 07, 2018
- "Why is Masood Azhar so important to China? "Livemint 17 October 2016
- "CPEC investment pushed from $55b to $62b - The Express Tribune". April 12,2017
- "India opposes CPEC as it encroaches on territorial integrity". Press Trust of India, June17, 2018
- ''China says CPEC has 'no direct link' with Kashmir issue. '' PTI, July 12, 2018,
- "China opposes India's NSG bid, says signing NPT mandatory". PTI July 13, 2018,
- ''China's economic growth hits nine-year low''. Aljazeera. Oct.19,2018
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his address in IISS Shangri la Dialogue in Singapore on June 01, 2018