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The Age-Old Tradition of Hookah Smoking and its Association with Geriatric Anaemia in Rural Women of North India


Affiliations
1 Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
2 Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India
     

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Hookah smoking is an age-old tradition prevalent among the rural population of India. It is quite risky in terms of causing addiction to nicotine as well as several illnesses. This study offers to find out the association of hookah smoking with geriatric anaemia. Cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data on 206 elderly women of the Palwal district of Haryana, North India. Prevalence of hookah smoker was 36.4% and it is projected to rise with the increasing age. The prevalence of anaemia (69.4%) was also high among this geriatric population. Present study found that hookah smoking is significantly correlated with geriatric anaemia (r=0.472, p <0.01). Result reveals that hookah smoker are about 11 times more likely to develop anaemia (OR:11.2, 95% CI: 5.33-23.53). This study highlighted the need for more effective tobacco control policies and awareness programme in rural villages of India to prevent the health hazards related to smoking.

Keywords

Elderly Women, Geriatric Anaemia, Haemoglobin, Hookah, India, Rural, Tobacco.
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  • The Age-Old Tradition of Hookah Smoking and its Association with Geriatric Anaemia in Rural Women of North India

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Authors

Sayani Das
Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Shivani Chandel
Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India

Abstract


Hookah smoking is an age-old tradition prevalent among the rural population of India. It is quite risky in terms of causing addiction to nicotine as well as several illnesses. This study offers to find out the association of hookah smoking with geriatric anaemia. Cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data on 206 elderly women of the Palwal district of Haryana, North India. Prevalence of hookah smoker was 36.4% and it is projected to rise with the increasing age. The prevalence of anaemia (69.4%) was also high among this geriatric population. Present study found that hookah smoking is significantly correlated with geriatric anaemia (r=0.472, p <0.01). Result reveals that hookah smoker are about 11 times more likely to develop anaemia (OR:11.2, 95% CI: 5.33-23.53). This study highlighted the need for more effective tobacco control policies and awareness programme in rural villages of India to prevent the health hazards related to smoking.

Keywords


Elderly Women, Geriatric Anaemia, Haemoglobin, Hookah, India, Rural, Tobacco.

References