Informatics Publishing Limited

K. K. Pant ¹, Vinit Kumar ¹, Bhaskar Biswas ¹, Arvind Kumar ¹, Shankar Lal ¹, Sona Chandran ¹, Saket Kumar Gupta ¹, Md. Khursheed ², Pravin Nerpagar ¹, A. K. Sarkar ¹, Ravi Kumar Pandit ¹, K. Ruwali ³, K. Sreeramulu ³, S. Das ³, R. S. Shinde ³, S. Chouksey ⁴, J. K. Parate ⁴, Viraj Bhanage ⁵, P. P. Deshpande ⁵, Shradha Tiwari ⁵, Mandar Joshi ⁶, Lalita Jain ⁵, Anand Valecha ⁷, Ayukt Pathak ⁵, M. A. Ali ⁵, H. R. Bundel ⁵, Purushottam Shrivastava ⁸, T. Reghu ⁸, Umesh Kale ⁸, Yashwant Wanmode ⁸, Praveen Mohania ⁸, Jaikishan Mulchandani ⁸, Akhil Patel ⁸, Mahesh Acharya ⁸, Ashish Mahawar ⁸, Mahendra Lad ⁹, M. K. Jain ⁹, Nitesh Tiwari ⁹, Pritam S. Bagduwal ⁹, V. G. Sathe ¹⁰, Sujata Joshi ¹⁰, Ram Shiroman ¹⁰, A. S. Yadav ¹⁰, Randhir Kumar ¹⁰, Alok Singh ¹¹, Vineet K. Dwivedi ¹¹, Mangesh Borage ¹², S. R. Tiwari ¹¹

Affiliations
1 Materials and Advanced Accelerator Sciences Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
2 Advanced Lasers and Optics Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
3 Accelerator Magnet Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
4 Design and Manufacturing Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
5 Laser Controls and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
6 Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, IN
7 Accelerator Control Systems Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
8 Pulsed High Power Microwave Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
9 Radio Frequency Systems Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
10 Ultra-High Vacuum Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
11 Power Converters Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN
12 Homi Bhabha National Institute, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, IN

Abstract

An Infrared Free Electron Laser (IR-FEL) designed to operate in the 12.5–50 μm wavelength band is presently in an advanced stage of commissioning at the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore. Here we report results from first experiments on the IR-FEL after installation of its optical cavity, which has resulted in a power output that is ~105 times the expected spontaneous emission power for the beam parameters used in the experiment. The estimated out-coupled peak micro-pulse power during these experiments is ~2 kW. This is the first observed signature of lasing in the IR-FEL, and the first reported lasing in a FEL in India. This communication discusses the development of the IR-FEL, the recent experimental results, and the ongoing efforts to further increase the IR power to the design peak out-coupled power of 2 MW.

Keywords

Beam Parameters, Free Electron Laser, Infrared Power, Undulator.

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Bhaskar Biswas ¹

Affiliations
1 Raja Rammohun Roy Mahavidyalaya. Radhanagar, Hooghly, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

India ranks sixth largest economy in the world by gross domestic product (GDP). In 2018 India’s economy became the world’s fastest growing major economy surpassing China. The stock market is mirror of the economy. There are so many macroeconomic variables like inflation, interest rates, GDP, FII investment; prices of crude oil, exchange rate of currency etc. can affect the return of the stock market. The aim of the research work is to measure the year wise change in FII investment in equity, year wise change in Brent crude oil price, year wise change in the INRUSD exchange rate and year wise change in the return of market (NIFTY) and find out relation between change in macroeconomic variables and the return of the Indian stock market for a period of ten years from year 2009- year 2018. Collected secondary data are analysed by statistical measures like mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, correlation matrix, multiple correlation and regression. It was found that Change in FII investment in equity and NIFTY return and Change in INR-USD exchange rate and Change in Crude oil price are positively related. And Change in Crude oil price is negatively related with Change in FII investment in equity and NIFTY return.

Keywords

Exchange Rate, Gross Domestic Product, Inflation, Standard Deviation, Skewness.

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Bhaskar Biswas ¹

Affiliations
1 Raja Rammohun Roy Mahavidyalaya, Radhanagar, Hooghly, IN

Abstract

A part of income which is non disposable is saved. Saving and investment are related with each other. So, Income generation is an important thing in developing countries like India. For generating income creation of employment opportunities and self employment is very important. Hence, role of micro finance to provide loans for starting new business or small business cannot be neglected. It is seen that most of the people who borrow loans are from unorganized sector. Financial inclusion through Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) would be instrumental to bring economic change in the society. MUDRA is ‘Micro Unit Development and Refinance Agency’. This yojana is a reform measure taken by the Government of India to boost up the f inancial condition of micro small and medium enterprises (MSME).The financial initiative taken in the form of MUDRA scheme will facilitate the micro units and will be able to provide credits and funds to develop their small businesses. However, initial stages showed significant interest but slowed with years. The paper throws light on performance of Scheme in India and also brings out the comparative performance of the Mudra Yojana in West Bengal with the other states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha and Uttarakhand for a period of four years from 2015-16 to 2018-19. The analysis of different categories of schemes is done through trend forecasting. The analysis concludes that people are getting encouraged to develop entrepreneurship by taking initiative to start their own work. It reveals that performance of MUDRA yojana is successful under Kishor and Tarun Categories whereas Shishu category has fallen.

Keywords

Investment, Financial Inclusion, Entrepreneurship, Income Generation, Micro Unit, Self Employment.

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