Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Performance Evaluation of Paper Mill Effluent in a Granular Bed Hybrid Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) Reactor


Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur - 603413, Tamilnadu, India
 

A laboratory study was conducted to assess the performance of a Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) Reactor in order to treat the effluent from a paper mill. The maximum organic loading rate (OLR) is 12 kg COD/m3.day. The OLR was calculated on the basis of COD inlet in the reactor for different flow rates. A hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hrs was maintained in the reactor. The maximum TCOD and SCOD reduction was 92% and 88% respectively. The maximum biogas production was 3.27 m3/m3.day. Development of granulation with two different inoculums in early start-up was also studied. The study revealed that earlier start-up and granulation of biomass could be achieved using mixed sludge (cow dung and effective microorganisms). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study of the granules showed predominance of Methanosarcina and Methanothrix type of species on the surface of granules. The process efficiency and biogas production were found to be increased with an increase in the organic loading rate. The size of the granules was 1-3 mm and exhibited good settling tendency.

Keywords

Paper Mill Effluent, Huasb Reactor, Granulation, Cod Reduction, Biogas Production.
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • APHA, AWWA, WPCF 1995. Standard Methods for Examinations of Water and Wastewater. 17th edition, American Public Health Association, Washington. DC.

  • Bal, A.S. and Dhagat, N.N. 2001. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Indian Journal of Environment Health, 43(2): 1-82.

  • Barr, T.A., Taylor, J.M. and Duff, S.J.B. 1996. Effect of HRT, SRT and temperature on the performance of activated sludge reactors treating bleached Kraft-mill effluent. Water Resources, 30(4): 799-810.

  • Behling, E., Diaz, A., Colina, G., Herrera, M., Gutierrez, E., Chacin, E., Fernandez, N. and Forster, C.F. 1997. Domestic wastewater treatment using a UASB reactor. Bioresource Tech., 61(3): 239-245.

  • Borja, R., Banks, C.J., Wang, Z. and Mancha, H. 1998. Anaerobic digestion of slaughter house wastewater using a combination sludge blanket and filter arrangement in a single reactor. Bioresource Technology, 65: 125-133.

  • Bolle, W.C., Van Breugel, J., Eybergen, G.C., Kassen, N.W.F and Van Gills, W. 1986. An integral dynamic model for the UASB reactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 28: 1612-1636.

  • Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution 1986. Comprehensive Industry Document on Small Pulp and Paper Industry. New Delhi, India.

  • Dolfing, J. 1986. Granulation in UASB reactors. Water Sci. Tech., 18(12): 15-25.

  • E.M. Technology 1998. Effective Microorganisms for a Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. EM Tech. Product, 1.

  • Fang, H.H.P. and Chui, H.K. 1995. Performance and sludge characteristics of UASB process treating propionate-rich wastewater. Water Resources, 29(3): 895-898.

  • Gupta, S. K. 2005. Morphological study of the granules in UASB and hybrid reactors. Clean Tech. Environ. Policy, 7: 203-212.

  • Hulshoff Pol, L.W., Van de Worp, J.J.M., Lettinga, G. and Beverloo, W.A. 1986. Physical characterization of anaerobic granular sludge. In: Anaerobic Treatment, A Grownup Technology, RAI Halls, Amesterdam, pp. 89-101.

  • Jayantha, K.S. and Ramanujam, T.K. 1994. Applicability of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for treatment of distillery spent wash. Indian Journal Entl. Prot., 5(2): 106-110.

  • Kavitha, K. and Murugesan, A.G. 2007. Efficiency of upflow anaerobic granulated sludge blanket reactor in treating fish processing effluent. J. of Industrial Pollution Control, 23(1): 77-92.

  • Kulkarni, A.G. 2003. 3rd Cess Training Program on Chemical Recovery and Environmental Management, 1 to 4 Nov.

  • Lawrence, A.W., Mc Carty, P.L. and Guerin, F. 1969. The effects of sulfide on anaerobic treatment. In: Proc. of the 19th Purdue University Industrial Waste Conferences, 343.

  • Lettinga, G. and Hulshoff Pol, L.W. 1991. UASB process design for various types of wastewater treatment. Water Science Technology, 24(8): 87-107.

  • Lettinga, G., Hulshoff Pol, L.W. and Zeemang, G. 1996. Biological wastewater treatment. Part I: Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Lecturer Notes, Wagenigen Agricultural University, pp. 17-28.

  • Muna Ali and Sreekrishnan, T.R. 2000. Anaerobic treatment of agricultural residue based pulp and paper mill effluents for AOX and COD reduction. J. of Process Biochemistry, 36: 25-29.

  • Sangakkara, U.R. 2002. The Technology of Effective MicroorganismsCase Studies of Application. Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, UK Research Activities.

  • Sayed, Sameh, Willem de Zeeuw and Gatze Lettinga 1984. Anaerobic treatment of slaughter house waste using a flocculant sludge UASB reactor. Agricultural Wastes, 11: 197-226.

  • Shin, H.S., Bae, B.U., Lee, J.J. and Paik, B.C. 1992. Anaerobic digestion of distillery wastewater in two phase UASB system. Water Science Technology, 25(7): 361-371.

  • Simpson, J.R. 1960. Some Aspects of Biochemistry of Anaerobic Digestion in Wastewater Treatment. Ed. Issac, P.C.G. Pub. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 31-51.


Abstract Views: 252

PDF Views: 0




  • Performance Evaluation of Paper Mill Effluent in a Granular Bed Hybrid Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) Reactor

Abstract Views: 252  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

A. Sangeetha
Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur - 603413, Tamilnadu, India
R. Ambalavanan
Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur - 603413, Tamilnadu, India
J. Santhosh
Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur - 603413, Tamilnadu, India
G. Thirumal Murugan
Department of Civil Engineering, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur - 603413, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract


A laboratory study was conducted to assess the performance of a Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) Reactor in order to treat the effluent from a paper mill. The maximum organic loading rate (OLR) is 12 kg COD/m3.day. The OLR was calculated on the basis of COD inlet in the reactor for different flow rates. A hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hrs was maintained in the reactor. The maximum TCOD and SCOD reduction was 92% and 88% respectively. The maximum biogas production was 3.27 m3/m3.day. Development of granulation with two different inoculums in early start-up was also studied. The study revealed that earlier start-up and granulation of biomass could be achieved using mixed sludge (cow dung and effective microorganisms). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) study of the granules showed predominance of Methanosarcina and Methanothrix type of species on the surface of granules. The process efficiency and biogas production were found to be increased with an increase in the organic loading rate. The size of the granules was 1-3 mm and exhibited good settling tendency.

Keywords


Paper Mill Effluent, Huasb Reactor, Granulation, Cod Reduction, Biogas Production.

References