A Study of Cardiovascular Changes in Newly Detected Hypothyroid Patients

Background and Objectives: Hypothyroidism has significant cardiovascular manifestations. Overt and sub clinical hypothyroidism both are associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study was done to recognize cardiovascular changes associated with newly detected hypothyroid patients. Methods: Based on the symptoms, clinical examination and hormonal assay, newly detected hypothyroid patients were subjected to detailed cardiovascular examination, blood tests, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Patients were investigated, before the thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Results: Hypothyroidism was newly diagnosed more in females and maximum in age group 18-48 years (77.8%) of age group. Out of 45 patients, 62.2% had symptoms less than 3 months duration. Cardiovascular symptoms were present in less number of patients. Bradycardia was observed in 6.6% of the patients. Stage 1 hypertension was noticed in 17.8% (diastolic blood pressure). Low voltage complexes in electrocardiogram were present in 40% study group. Pericardial effusion was present in 16.6% patients. Systolic and diastolic dysfunction was noticed respectively in 4.5% and 2.2% study group. Altered lipid profile was present in 60% (S. cholesterol) and 94.7% (S. Triglycerides). Interpretation and Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is common in females, maximum between 18-48 years age group. Majority of the patients did not have any cardiovascular changes. Observed cardiovascular changes were ECG abnormalities, pericardial effusion and diastolic blood pressure. Systematic study was done to know the early effects of hypothyroidism on cardiovascular system. The identification of patients with hypothyroidism is an important individual and public health issue. Hence, early detection and initiation of hormone replacement therapy can minimize associated cardiovascular changes.