Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Cuckoo Aiyappa ¹, H. V. Anuradha ¹, J. V. Sathyendra Kasyap ¹, R. Pradeepa ¹, R. Priyalatha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, M S Ramaiah Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Bangalore - 560 054, IN

Abstract

Poisoning is a major problem all over the world and comprises a significant bulk of hospital admissions at a tertiary care hospital. There has also been a change in the pattern of poisoning in various areas, hence, important to know the pattern of poisoning in a given region so as to enable in making a rapid clinical diagnosis, initiate proper treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. To find out the patient profile, the common poisons and outcome of poisoning cases a retrospective analysis of all acute poisoning cases admitted to the casualty of M S. Ramaiah Medical College&Teaching Hospital for a period of one year was done. Data on age, sex, type of poisoning, poisonous substances consumed, treatment, outcome and counselling were analysed. The age varied from 1-80 years. The male female ratio was 1.05: 1. Majority of the poisoning cases were of 21-30 years. Moreover, 85% cases reported were intentional poisoning and 25% cases of poisoning were with miscellaneous agents followed by 22% each of organophosphorus&single medicinal preparations. During the hospital stay 87% of patients were discharged after effective treatment. Suicide attempts were common among adolescents and 69% of the cases were counseled.

Keywords

Poisoning, Organophosphorus, Counselling, Outcome.

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J. V. Sathyendra Kasyap ¹, Cuckoo Aiyappa ¹, T. K. Sumathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology & Dermatology, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Bangalore - 560 054, IN

Abstract

Topical corticosteroids constitute the most commonly prescribed drugs in the treatment of dermatological conditions. Self medication and erratic use of these agents by patients can increase the risk of developing local and systemic side effects. To find out the trend and outcome of topical corticosteroid usage in a Tertiary Care Hospital a retrospective analysis of the prescriptions in the Department of Dermatology was done for a period of six months. Data on age, sex, diagnosis, steroids and their combinations used, delivery vehicle, potency, frequency of application, duration of treatment and adverse effects were recorded on a pre-designed proforma and analyzed. Mid potency topical steroids were commonly used followed by high, low and very high potency preparations. Age range varied from 5-65 years. Mid and high potency steroids were used in combination with antimicrobials and salicylic acid. Cream based preparations were commonly used and duration of treatment was appropriate and rational. Adverse effects were seen only in four cases and no irrational prescriptions were noted.

Keywords

Prescribing Pattern, Topical Steroids, Rational Use, Outcome.

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Jalihal Umesh ¹, S. H. Lavanya ¹, Cuckoo Aiyappa ¹, A. Joshi Medha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Gastroenterology and Pharmacology, M.S.Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bangalore–560054, IN

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori are associated with peptic ulcer disease, gastritis and malignancy. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patient with peptic ulcer greatly reduces the rate of relapse. Hence, it is vital to find the ideal regimen. Primary antibiotic resistance and poor compliance attribute to eradication failure of standard regimens. This study investigated the eradication rate, patient compliance, tolerability and side effects profile of a one week, once daily levofloxacin plus azithromycin triple therapy versus standard twice daily triple therapy. A prospective, randomized, comparative study, enrolling 72 Helicobacter pylori positive patients, with dyspeptic symptoms was done. These patients were randomized either to the esomeprazole 20 mg, levofloxacin 500mg, and azithromycin 500mg, once daily (ELA Group) or esomeprazole 20mg, clarithromycin 500mg and amoxicillin 1 gm twice daily (ECA group) for 1 week. Helicobacter pylori infection was defined by rapid urease test and histology, both at the entry, as well as at the end of the study. Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of ELA and ECA group were similar (67.6% and 77.1% respectively, p=0.337). Both the treatment groups were similar in terms of compliance (p=0.721) and tolerability (p=0.963). No significant differences were noted in the incidence of side effects between the two treatment groups (p=0.253). Once daily, levofloxacin plus azithromycin-based triple therapy may represent a promising alternative to the standard twice daily triple therapy.

Keywords

Peptic Ulcer, H.pylori, Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, Triple Therapy.

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D. R. Veena ¹, Cuckoo Aiyappa ¹, H. V. Anuradha ¹, T. K. Sumathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Dermatology, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bangalore-560 054, IN

Abstract

Cutaneous eruptions are the most frequently reported adverse reactions to drugs. The pattern of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the causative drugs keep changing every year.

The study was designed to ascertain the different clinical pattern of cutaneous ADRs and to determine the causative agents. A prospective hospital based study was carried out over a period of one year. The cutaneous ADRs of outpatients in the Department of Dermatology and inpatients transferred from other departments were recorded. Naranjos algorithm was used to determine the causality assessment. A total of 150 patients diagnosed to have cutaneous ADRs were included in the study. The most common type of cutaneous ADRs were maculopapular rash (34.7%), followed by urticaria (12.7%) and acneiform eruptions (10%). Antimicrobial agents (40.7%) were responsible for majority detected adverse drug reactions, followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (18.7%), anticonvulsants (12%) and antihypertensives (10.7%). Altogether 146 reactions had probable and 4 reactions had possible causal association with the drug. A wide clinical spectrum of cutaneous ADRs ranging from mild maculopapular rash to serious Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) were observed. Most of these drug eruptions were caused by antimicrobial agents. The occurence of cutaneous ADRs in the present study was in concurrence to various studies conducted in India.

Keywords

Cutaneous, Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Eruptions, Maculopapular Rash.

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