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Sen, R.
- Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships of Bio-surfactants: A Short Review
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, NY, 10027, US
2 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, IN
1 Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, NY, 10027, US
2 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, IN
Source
Journal of Surface Science and Technology, Vol 31, No 1-2 (2015), Pagination: 99-105Abstract
Surfactants are commonly used in many personal care, pharmaceutical and food products that humans and others come in contact with in our daily life. The impact of the surfactants on human health is of growing concern and has been recognized by industries, governments and the general public. Thus, there is recognition for the need for benign or “greener” surfactants. Surfactants are typically considered greener if they are acquired from natural sources and undergo greener processing routes. In this regard, greener surfactants are biosurfactants derived from microbes and plant. Bacteria produce a variety of surfactants, such as Emulsan, which is produced by gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain RAG-1, extracellular sophorolipids produced by Candida bombicola species, rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in L-Rhamnosyl-L-Rhamnosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate and L- rhamnosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxyd ecanoate forms, and lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, using today’s advanced synthesis biological tools, bacteria can be genetically modified to produce surfactants with molecular structures for desired performance. For example, Bacillus subtilis strains can be developed which are capable of producing different types of fatty acid and glutamate based surfactants. These bio-surfactants exhibit surface active properties similar to conventional surfactants. It is to be noted that biosurfactant molecules are complex in terms of the surfactant functional groups and varying carbon chain lengths and understanding of the structure-property-performance relationships of these complex molecules is therefore key to their optimum usability.Keywords
Alkyl Chain Length, Biosurfactants, Emulsan, Fatty Acid Glutamate, Green Chemistry, RhamnolipidsReferences
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- Ferrography—A Tool for Failure Analysis
Abstract Views :201 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur-9, West Bengal, IN
1 Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur-9, West Bengal, IN
Source
Journal of the Association of Engineers, India, Vol 62, No Spl (1987), Pagination: 21-26Abstract
With the advent of new technologies, modern machineries have become very complex in nature. Every year a large chunk,of money is consumed for withdrawing machines from service due to breakdown and maintenance. Ferrography can extract valuable information about machine-health while it is in running condition. These information are very vital for planning machine operation and scheduling maintenance time in order to achieve maximum reliability, safety and economy of production. Out of the four basic methods of Condition Monitoring, namely, visual, performance, vibration and wear debris analysis, ferrography deals with the last one.- Performance Verification of High Resolution Angle Measuring Equipment by Laser Interferometry Technique
Abstract Views :169 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Durgapur-713209, IN
1 Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Durgapur-713209, IN