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Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78)

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Pandey, O. P.

Pre-Earthquake Deccan Trap Thickness Estimation by Aeromagnetics in Latur Earthquake Zone

Was there an Intracontinental Rift Between India and Sri Lanka?

Abstract Views :222 | PDF Views:2

Authors

P. K. Agrawal ¹, O. P. Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 Theoretical Geophysics Group, National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 3 (1999), Pagination: 237-249

Abstract

The nature of tectonic configuration between SE coast of India and NW coast of Sri Lanka has been a subject of considerable debate for over past two decades. In the present work, we analyse long wavelength gravity-magnetic, seismological, satellite imagery and related tectonic, geologic and geomorphic information over India, Madagascar, Sri Lanka and Antarctica to suggest that no intracratonic rift could ever develop between India and Sri Lanka. It appears that in the erstwhile Gondwanaland, Sri Lanka rested in the Lutzo-Holm Bay of Antarctica and had the same relative paleoposition with respect to India as it has today, although a small scale translational and rotational motion as suggested by Yoshida et al. (1992) may not be ruled out. The study throws significant light on the paleoassembly of these continental fragments and suggests the possibility of weak mantle upwelling between India and Sri Lanka which may have resisted the formation of oceanic crust between them.

Keywords

Tectonics, Intracontinental Rift, Gondwanaland, Antarctica, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India.

Full Text

Missing Granitic Crust (?) in the Godavari Graben of Southeastern India

Differential Uplift between Hyderabad and Bangalore Geotectonic Blocks of Eastern Dharwar Craton, South India

Thinning of Granitic-Gneissic Crust below Uplifting Hyderabad Granitic Region of the Eastern Dharwar Craton (South Indian Shield): Evidence from AMT/CSAMT Experiment

Abstract Views :207 | PDF Views:0

Authors

S. B. Singh ¹, G. Ashok Babu ¹, B. Veeraiah ¹, O. P. Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 6 (2009), Pagination: 697-702

Abstract

Hyderabad granitic region (HGR) forms one of the most unusual geotectonic segment of the south Indian shield. Analysis of multiparametric geological, geophysical and IGS-GPS studies have earlier suggested that this region is neotectonically uplifting at a rapid rate. We propose that consequent to such uplift, only a thin veneer of surface granitic layer now remains. In order to quantitatively examine the thickness of highly resistive granitic-gneissic crust below HGR, a audio-magnetotelluric (AMT)/controlled source AMT (CSAMT) experiment was conducted at three separate locations, situated about 50 km east of Hyderabad. The study reveals a maximum thickness of 5.5 to 6.0 km for the granitic - gneissic crust beneath HGR, which is underlain by thick low resistive exhumed intermediate (granulitic ?) crust. This finding is in sharp contrast to that of a thick granitic-gneissic crust (15-20 km) usually found in comparable late Archaean terrains elsewhere.

Keywords

Hyderabad Granitic Region, Audio-Magnetotellurics, Uplift, Resistive Crust, Granitic-Gneiss, Granulites, Crustal Velocity, Dharwar Craton.

Full Text

References

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Shallowing of Mafic Crust and Seismic Instability in the High Velocity Indian Shield

Abstract Views :219 | PDF Views:0

Authors

O. P. Pandey ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 5 (2009), Pagination: 615-624

Abstract

Indian shield has been frequented by number of large and moderate magnitude damaging earthquakes since historical times, including the recent disastrous ones like Latur Mw 6.3 in 1993, Jabalpur Mw 5.8 in 1997 and Bhuj Mw 7.7 in 2001. Seismogenesis of these events is still not understood well. Detailed study of nine such earthquake localities (as appended in Table 1), indicates quite high P- and S- velocities (6.2–6.7 km/s and 3.65–3.90 km/s respectively) at a shallow depth of almost surface to six kilometers. These seismogenic regions appear to be in a state of continuous uplift and erosion since geological times, which brought mafic (Granulitic/Amphibolitic) crust to significantly shallow levels in which stresses are accummulated due to ongoing local uplift and a high input of heatflow from the mantle. These stresses act over and above to the regional compressive stresses generated by India-Eurasia collision. As against common belief, the role played by fluids in nucleation of such earthquakes, in the relatively denser and high velocity Indian crust (compared to the other global stable continental regions), appears limited.

Keywords

Granulites, Seismic Instability, Earthquakes, Uplift, P- and S-Wave Velocities, Indian Shield.

Full Text

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Detailed Gravity Studies over Jabera - Damoh Region of the Vindhyan Basin (Central India) and Crustal Evolution

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Authors

Ravi P. Srivastava ¹, Nimisha Vedanti ¹, O. P. Pandey ¹, V. P. Dimri ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 73, No 5 (2009), Pagination: 715-723

Abstract

Vindhyan Basin of Central India situated just north of SONATA rift zone, forms one of the major geotectonic segment of the Indian subcontinent which is associated with complex thermo-tectonic history. Southern part of this basin is known to contain favorable conditions for hydrocarbon entrapment. Keeping this in view, a detailed gravity survey network comprising 40 gravity bases and 1500 data points in an area of about 110 × 100 km² was planned in and around Jabera-Damoh region. Analysis of Bouguer and free air gravity anomaly maps, prepared using fractal based gridding method, indicates presence of two sedimentary basins (Jabera and Damoh) faulted on either sides beside ridge like features. However, well-known Jabera domal structure appeared to be a shallow feature only. Inversion of gravity data further reveals presence of 5 to 6 km thick Vindhyan sediments in the Jabera basin which are underlain by Mahakoshal/ Bijawar group of rocks, resting directly over the lower crust, thereby indicating almost total absence of granitic crust from this region. It appears that due to an underlying thermal anomaly, the entire region may have been subjected to sustained uplift, deformation, erosion and consequent crustal extension during early to mid Proterozoics which brought high velocity mafic crust to such shallow levels.

Keywords

Gravity Studies, Crustal Evolution, Lower Crust, Fractals, Gravity Data Inversion, Vindhyan Basin.

Full Text

References

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Structure, Tectonics and Thermal State of the Lithosphere Beneath Intraplate Seismic Region of Latur, Central India: An Appraisal

Abstract Views :152 | PDF Views:0

Authors

O. P. Pandey ¹, K. Chandrakala ¹, P. R. Reddy ¹, G. Koti Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 73, No 4 (2009), Pagination: 457-468

Abstract

Recent surge in intraplate seismicity has led to detailed geological and geophysical investigations, covering different continental segments of India including seismogenic region of Latur. A synthesis of such data sets to understand the prevailing tectonic and thermal state of the Lithosphere beneath Latur region, that witnessed a large scale human loss due to 1993 seismic activity, has revealed shallow surfacing of denser deeper crustal segments which may have resulted due to ongoing active subsurface tectonic activity like uplift and erosion since geological past. Below this region, Moho temperature exceeds 500°C, heat flow input from the mantle is quite high (29-35 mW/m²) and the asthenosphere is shallow (∼100 ± 10 km). It is suggested that stress generated by ongoing upliftment and related subcrustal thermal anomaly is concentrating in this denser and stronger mafic crust within which earthquakes tend to nucleate. In all likelihood, the seismic activity witnessed in the region may stem from the deep crustal/lithospheric dynamics rather than the role of fluids at the hypocentral depth.

Keywords

Latur Earthquake, Geoisotherm, Seismotectonics, Upwarp, Crustal Velocity, Intraplate Seismicity, Granulites, Mantle Heat Flow.

Full Text

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Seismic Signatures of a Proterozoic Thermal Plume Below Southwestern Part of the Cuddapah Basin, Dharwar Craton

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Authors

K. Chandrakala ¹, O. P. Pandey ¹, D. M. Mall ¹, D. Sarkar ¹

Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN

Source

Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 76, No 6 (2010), Pagination: 565-572

Abstract

Origin and evolutionary history of the Cuddapah Basin in SE India has remained a subject of considerable speculation whether it was evolved through vertical tectonic movements, extentional stretching or even cometary impact. Based on detailed seismic and other geophysical studies (Gravity, magnetotelluric and heat flow), we have delineated signatures of a possible deep seated mantle plume below southwestern part of the Cuddapah Basin, which may have been responsible for the 1.1 Ga kimberlitic magmatism in the eastern part of the Dharwar craton (EDC). The thermal anomaly associated with this mantle plume appears to have resulted into 15 - 20 km thick magmatic underplating (Vp: 7.10-7.30 km/s; density 3.07-3.16 g/cm³) below the Parnapalle region of the southwestern Cuddapah Basin, which also coincides with the high gravity and high conductivity anomaly. The massive underplating led to thickening of the crust to about 40 - 44 km below southwestern part of the Cuddapah Basin, compared to about 34 ± 2 km in the surrounding regions of EDC, indicating thermal restructuring of the Crust/Mantle boundary. This plume, which was apparently active in an area of about 500 km radius, may have also affected the Closepet granitic region, which is ∼100 km west of Cuddapah Basin.

Keywords

Deep Seismic Sounding, Mantle Plume, Gravity, Underplating, Cuddapah Basin, Dharwar Craton.

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