Springs in Limestone Environs of Karnataka

The geohydrological environs of springs in the limestone formations of Karnataka are complex, but interesting. Springs abound in Western Ghats. But, geomorphic set up of the terrain is so hostile that many are not accessible. In the Eastern Maidan Tract, the limestone formations of Bhima Group host most of the springs as compared to those of Dharwar and Kaladgi Super Groups. The limestone formations in the stratigraphic sequences of Sargurs, Bababudans and Badamis form minor litho-Constituents and do not have much significance as regard to the occurrence of springs. A few of the springs, once active in Eastern Maidan Tract have now become dormant, the cause that could be attributed to a long sustained anthropological activity. The chemical quality of spring waters in limestone formations,of Chitradurga Group and in particular of those in Western Ghats are suitable for domestic and agricultural usage. Springs located in the limestone formations of Kaladgi Super Group and Bhima Group are quality wise alkaline, contain fluoride and certain other dissolved constituents beyond the permissible limits.