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Gupta, Sameer
- Pineal-Thymus Interrelation in Maintenance of T-Cell Dependent Immune Responses in a Tropical Seasonal Breeder Funambulus pennanti
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1 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IN
1 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, IN
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Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 20, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 28-37Abstract
Crosstalk between the neuro-endocrine axis and immune cells is documented in many laboratory and clinical studies. The pineal gland and its hormone melatonin play a central role in this network by positively regulating immune cell proliferation and differentiation via influencing the synthesis of immunomodulatory molecules. However, the pineal-thymus interaction in modulating their bi-directional communication remains elusive. In the present study we investigated the effect of pineal-thymus interaction on the structure and functional status of lymphoid tissues (i.e., spleen and lymph nodes) in a tropical seasonal breeder, F. pennanti. We observed that pinealectomy severely compromised the immune status of the squirrels. Besides pinealectomy, simultaneous ablation of pineal and thymus gland, further resulted in atrophy of the lymphoid tissues along with reduced total leucocyte and lymphocyte count. Exogenous melatonin administration improved the total leucocyte and lymphocyte count and restored T cell dependent immune responses and lymphoid tissue architecture in pinealectomized (Px) group. Our observations suggest that suppression of endogenous melatonin in Px group decreased the efficiency of the immune system probably by modulating the production of thymic factors, which becomes even severe with simultaneous ablation of the thymus and pineal gland, resulting in declined immune responsiveness. Thus, it can be inferred that the pineal melatonin and its interaction with thymus plays an important role in regulation of immune status of the squirrels.Keywords
F. pennanti, Immunity, Lymphoid Tissues, Pinealectomy, Thymectomy.References
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- Oral Administration of Root Extract of Boerhaavia diffusa Mitigates Diabetes-induced Kidney Damages in the Golden Hamster Mesocricetus auratus
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Authors
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1 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India ., IN
2 Department of Dravyagun, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India ., IN
3 Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences-Deemed University, Bhubaneshwar – 751024, Odisha, India ., IN
1 Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India ., IN
2 Department of Dravyagun, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India ., IN
3 Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences-Deemed University, Bhubaneshwar – 751024, Odisha, India ., IN
Source
Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 26, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 164-170Abstract
Diabetes, a common metabolic disorder, is affecting people irrespective of age group and/or gender. The chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes leads to heart-, kidney-, eye- and nerve damages. Boerhaavia diffusa, commonly known as Punarnava, is one of the traditional medicines described in Ayurveda for the treatment of a number of diseases. B. diffusa has been reported to exhibit antidiabetic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic potential of ethanolic extract of root of B. diffusa and its effect on diabetes-induced kidney damage in hamster model. Treatment of ethanolic extract of B. diffusa resulted in significant reduction in the serum glucose level and increased insulin concentration with a simultaneous increment in the levels of muscle and liver glycogen. The oral supplementation of B. diffusa root extract improved lipid profile by reducing the cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and by increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The activity of antioxidant enzymes Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in the kidney significantly improved following oral administration of B. diffusa while a significant decrease in Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) level was noted in the kidney after the treatment. Ethanolic root extract of B. diffusa decreased the level of serum creatinine, urea and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) significantly. B. diffusa administration demonstrated marked improvement in renal histology as evident by the regenerative changes in glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule. Thus, the use of ethanolic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa may prove therapeutically effective in prevention as well as inhibition of the progression of diabetes and associated kidney damages.Keywords
Boerhaavia diffusa, Diabetes, Diabetic Nephropathy, Hamsters, PunarnavaReferences
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