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Bhattacharjee, Gargi Bagchi
- Cross Talk between Protein Kinase A and Androgen Signaling Pathway
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1 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, IN
1 Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Gurgaon 122413, Haryana, IN
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Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 19, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
Protein kinases are enzymes that add phosphate group to proteins to modify their function. These proteins regulate signal transduction pathways, essential for many biological processes such as cell cycle, cell signaling, protein and enzyme regulation, etc. There are 518 protein kinases, divided in to 7 main families. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a member of AGC family of protein kinases. It is activated by activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and plays an important role in many cellular pathways including androgen signaling. Steroid hormones such as androgens primarily function through a genomic pathway, binding to cytosolic androgen receptors (AR) and initiating changes in transcription of target genes. Androgens also functions through a non-genomic pathway which is rapid and mediated by membrane receptors. It manifests its effects by activation of cellular signal transduction pathways such as PKA, Protein kinase C, and mitogen activated kinase, and does not involve transcription. In this review, we have analyzed the interaction between androgen signaling pathways and PKA, and have highlighted how each of these pathways complements and strengthens the function of the other. PKA plays an important role in complete activation of nuclear AR and in turn PKA can be activated by androgens. The complex interaction between the two pathways plays a critical role in development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Though the exact role of each pathway is not completely understood yet simultaneous inhibition of both pathways could prove to be beneficial for PCa patients.Keywords
Androgen Signaling, Non-Genomic Signaling, Prostate Cancer, Protein Kinase A.
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- Membrane Androgen Receptor(S) and their Role in Prostate Cancer:A Review
Abstract Views :334 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University Gurgaon, Manesar - 122413, Haryana, IN
1 Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University Gurgaon, Manesar - 122413, Haryana, IN
Source
Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Vol 20, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 76-82Abstract
Androgen, a steroid hormone, typically mediates its action by binding to the cytosolic Androgen Receptor (AR), via the classical or genomic pathway. Androgens can also act through a non-classical or non-genomic pathway interacting with receptors present on the plasma membrane of cells. Although the identity of the nuclear AR is well established, the identity of the membrane AR is still not clear. Through independent studies, three proteins have been identified that are present on plasma membranes of prostate cells and can mediate androgen signalling, viz, GPRC6A, AR8 and ZIP9. Although these proteins can mediate androgen signalling, the membrane receptor which is used most frequently and specifically for mediating androgen action in prostate cells is not confirmed. Recent research has shown that the non-genomic androgen signalling plays a key role in progression of prostate cancer (PCa). In this review, the potential of these three proteins for their ability to act as the membrane AR has been analysed. The use of membrane AR as a novel target for the treatment of PCa has also been discussed.Keywords
Androgen, Androgen Receptor, Genomic Pathway, Non-Genomic Pathway, Prostate Cancer.References
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