Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Differential Diagnoses and Prognoses of Stress-Induced Metabolic Changes by Stress Hormone Effects – A Synopsis of Our Recent Publications


Affiliations
1 Institute of Applied Stress Research, Fernitz – Mellach, Austria
2 Theresan Military Academy, Wiener Neustadt,, Austria
3 Theresan Military Academy, Wiener Neustadt, Romania
4 Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
5 Rehabilitation Clinic Ma. Wöerth, Käernten, Austria
6 Sigmund Freud Clinic, Medical University of Graz, Austria
7 Center of Excellence for Hypertension, St. Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


The impact of a given amount of stress hormone upon about 12 different metabolic markers like blood gases, buffers, glucose, lactate and electrolytes shows a comprehensive pattern in a characteristic stress situation, fingerprinting both individual idiosyncrasies and the peculiar qualities of a certain stressful situation. According to HPLC data, norepinephrine correlates linearly and significantly with the mentioned stress hormone effects, underlining the feasibility of taking stress hormone effects for stress-diagnostic purposes rather than catecholamines themselves. Stress hormone effects – especially their correlative relations to each other – can also serve as prognostic tools, whereby effort and even performance in sports can be deduced from anticipatory arousal. Also, need of regeneration after a trial can be calculated from pre-challenge arousal. Even several days after a first parachute jump the personal feeling of success, of having been able to overcome the challenge efficaciously, correlates with the pre-challenge pCO2. However, the beneficial values of this “future building capacity”, that enables us to be nearly automatically prepared for future challenges, can be misused by unduly protracting such sympatho-adrenal anticipatory situations due to nonstop submaximal workload. Tissue oxygen depletion in oxygen– demanding situations is one of the resulting noxae. Determination of stress hormone effects furthermore allows educated guesses to distinguish, whether glucose irregularities, e.g. in metabolic syndrome, can be traced back to stressful situations or to the illness proper.

Keywords

Blood Gases, Correlations, Norepinephrine, Prediction, Stress Markers.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Lothar Thomas. Labor und diagnose, 5. Auflage, 1998, TH – books, Frankfurt/Main, J. Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1986; 24: 185–8
  • Porta S, Rinner I, Supanz S, Rangetiner B, Ertl U, Sadjak A. Long–term treatment with catecholamines (CA) may lead to enhancement of other endogenous CA. Excerpta Medica, International Congress Series 652, Abstract from the 7th International Congress of Endocrinology, Quebec City, Canada, 1.-7.7. 1984
  • Porta S, Rinner I, Rangetiner B, Sadjak A. Enhancement of adrenaline plasma-levels shortens adrenaline half-life. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 1985; 17:264–5.
  • Porta S, Emsenhuber W, Felsner P, Schauenstein K, Supanz S. Norepinephrine triggers medullar epinephrine depletion during normoglycemia. Life Sciences. 1989; 45:1763–9
  • Emsenhuber W, Porta S, Petek W, Pürstner P, Vogel W, Felsner P, Schwaberger G, Slawitsch P. Retrospective stress measurement by standardized post–stress provocation. In: Stress: Neuroendocrine and Molecular Approaches. Ed: Kvetnansky R, McCarty R, and Axelrod J, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, S.A., New York, USA, pp 26371, 1992.
  • Porta S, Egger G, Sadjak A, Supanz S, Rangetiner B, Pürstner P. Adrenaline application by controlled release system show that it does play a physiological role in glycogenolysis. Experimental Pathology. 1984; 25:169–76.
  • Porta S, Supanz S, Egger G, Pürstner P, Korsatko W. Effects of adrenaline-induced hyperglycemia on pancreatic and serum insulin levels in rats. Current Trends in Comparative Endocrinology. Eds: Holmes WN, Lofts B. Proceedings of XI ISCE-Hong Kong, Vol.2, Hong Kong University Press, pp 1071–84, 1985.
  • Himly C, Porta S, Pürstner P, Rinner I, Weiss P, Hahn H.J. Chronical adrenaline (A) -administration inhibits insuline (IiNS) synthesis dose–dependently. Pflügers Archiv. European Journal of Physiology. 132, Suppl. No 2. 1985; 405.
  • Budohoski L, Challiss RAJ, Dubaniewicz A, KaciubaUscilko H, Leighton B, Lozeman F, Nazar K, Newsholme E, Porta S. Effects of prolonged elevation of plasma adrenaline concentration in vivo on insulin–sensitivity in soleus muscle of the rat Biochemical Journal. 1987; 244: 655–60.
  • Porta S, Emsenhuber W, Supanz S, Korsatko W. Critical comments on the classic concept of hypolglycemia induced epinephrine secretion. Endocrinologia Experimentalis. 1990; 24:143–9.
  • Porta S, Emsenhuber W, Helbig C, Helbig J, Waltersdorfer G, Classen H. G, Lasserre B, Durlach J (Eds). Reversed stress response of the endocrine rat pancreas in Mg depletion. In: Magnesium, a Relevant Ion? Eds: Lasserre B, Jurlach London: John Libbey and Company Ltd, pp. 331–336, 1991.
  • Emsenhuber W, Porta S, Petek W, Pürstner P, Vogel W, Felsner P, Schwaberger G, Slawitsch P. Retrospective stress measurement by standardized post–stress provocation. In: Stress: Neuroendocrine and Molecular Approaches. Eds: Kvetnansky R, McCarty R, Axelrod J. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers S.A., New York, USA. pp 365–74; 1992.
  • Sherwin RS, Sacca L. Effect of epinephrine on glucose metabolism in humans: contribution of the liver. American Journal of Physiology. 1984; 247:E157–E165.
  • Chiasson JL, Shikama H, Chu DT, Exton JH. Inhibitory effect of epinephrine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1981; 68:706–13.
  • Deibert DC, Defronzo RA. Epinephrine–induced insulin resistance in man. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1980; 65:717–21.
  • Chiasson J–L, Shikama H, Chu DTW, Exton JH. Inhibitory effect of epinephrine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by rat skeletal muscle. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1981; 68:706–13.
  • Bendixen HK, Laver MB, Flacke WE. Influence of respiratory acidosis on circulatory effect of epinephrine in dogs. Circulation Research. 1983; 13:64–70.
  • Odom TW, Harrison PC, Bottje WG. Effects of thermalinduced respiratory alkalosis on blood ionized calcium levels in the domestic hen. Poultry Science. 1986; 65:570–3.
  • Abbis CR, Nosaka K, Laursen P. Hyperthermic–induced hyperventilation and associated respiratory alkalosis in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007; 100:63–9.
  • Teeter RG, Smith MO, Owens FN, Arp SC, Sangiah S, Breazile JE. Chronic heat stress and respiratory akalosis: occurrence and treatment in boiler chicken. Department of Animal Science Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 Poultry Science. 1985; 64:1060–4.
  • Agostoni A, Podda M, Signoroni G. Stress and metabolic alkalosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 1969; 280:277.
  • Thomas L. Labor und Diagnose. Indikation und Bewertung von Laborbefunden für die medizinische Diagnostik, 5. TH – Books, Frankfurt, pp. 348–350. Auflage, 1998.
  • Bauersfeld W, Ratge D, Knoll E, Wisser H. Determination of catecholamines in plasma by HPLC and amperometric detection. Comparison with a radioenzymatic method. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry. 1986; 24:185–8.
  • Wikipedia. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostatic_model_assessment
  • Halter JB, Beard JC, Porte D Jr. Islet function and stress hyperglycemia: plasma glucose and epinephrine interaction. American Journal of Physiology. 1984; 247: E47–52.
  • Diniz MER, Vilhena LS, Paulo BP, Barbosa TCC, Mateo EC. Simultaneous determination of catecholamines and metanephrines in urine by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: Successful clinical application. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2015; 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150142
  • Olanrewaju HA, Wongpichet S, Thaxton JP, Dozier WA III, Branton SL. Stress and acid–base balance in chickens. Poultry Science. 2006; 85:1266–74.
  • Aguilera–Tejero E, Estepa J C, Lopez I, Bas S, Maye–Valor R, Rodriguez M. Quantitative analysis of acid–base balance in show jumpers before and after exercise. Research in Veterinary Science. 2000; 68:103–8.
  • Cheng, H W, and Muir W M. Chronic social stress differentially regulates neuroendocrine responses in laying hens: II. Genetic basis of adrenal responses under three different social conditions. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2004; 29:961–71.
  • Derjant–Li, Y, Verstegen MWA, Jansman A, Schulze H, Schrama JW, Verreth JA. Changes in oxygen content and acid–base balance in arterial and portal blood in response to the dietary electrolyte balance in pigs during a 9–h period after a meal. Journal of Animal Science. 2002; 80:1233–9.
  • Goel N, Calvert J. Understanding blood gases/acid–base balance. Paediatrics and Child Health. 2012; 22:142–8.
  • Greenbaum J, Nirmalan M. Acid–base balance: The traditional approach. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care. 2005; 16:137–42.
  • Dobnig H, Leb G, Lipp R, Porta S, Dusleag J, Eber B, Klein W, Krejs GJ. Sulfoconjugated and free plasma catechol amine levels at rest and during exercise in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1995; 132:181–91.
  • Sametz W, Metzler H, Gries M, Porta S, Sadjak A, Supanz S Juan H. Perioperative catecholamine changes in cardiac risk patients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1999; 29:582–87.
  • Bacher H, Mischinger H J, Cerwenka H, Werkgartner G, Shabrawi AE, Supancic A, Porta S. Liver ischemia, catecholamines and preoperative condition influencing postoperative tachycardia in liver surgery. Life Sciences. 2000; 66:11–18.
  • Zimmermann P, Weiß U, Classen H G, Wendt B, Epple A, Zollner H, Porta S. The impact of diets with different magnesium contents on magnesium and calcium in serum and tissues of the rat. Life Sciences. 2000; 67:949–58.
  • Desch W, Schappacher W, Wintersteiger R, Ecker M, Köhler U, Korisek G, Porta S. An attempt to quantify the influence of some IC parameters upon the levels of Ionized Mg in blood. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2009; 26:47–8.
  • Porta S, Gell H, Pichlkastner K, Cichocki G, Desch W, Schappacher W, Korisek G,Grieshofer P, Stelbrink U. Direct correlation between Mg changes and awarded scores in military steeplechase (HiB). Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 26:177–80.
  • Porta S, Pichlkastner K, Gell H, Desch W, Schappacher W, Porta J, Bratu MM. Interdependencies of electrolyte- and metabolic parameters can Characterize handicaps and predict success probability in sports. Trace Elements and Electrolytes.2010; 27:103–9.
  • Porta S, Kisters K, Korisek G, Desch W, Porta J, Gell H. Differences in electrolyte mismanagement between normotonic and hypertonic Type 2 diabetics detectable by correlative capillary blood evaluation. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2011; 28:31–6.
  • Porta S, Walzl M, Kisters K, Korisek G, Pichlkastner K, Desch W, Gell H, Porta J. The role of ionized magnesium in metabolic changes during 54 hours of exhaustive sleep deprivation- a case report. Trace Eelements and Electrolytes. 2011; 28: 83–7.
  • Porta S, Gell H, Ehrlich B v, Porta J, Walzl M, Kisters K. Mg++–Stoffwechselkorrelationen als Diagnose und Prognose bei Sport und Hypertonikern. Austrian Journal of Hypertension. 2012; 16:18–22.
  • Porta S, Gell H, Sadjak K A, Bacher H, Kisters K. Metabolic changes and hypomagnesaemia. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2012; 29:206–11.
  • Porta S, Gell H, Pichlkastner K, Porta J, Ehrlich B v, Vormann J, Rinner E, Nievoll J Kisters K. Evidence of progress and success of Mg substitution by correlating Mg dynamics and metabolic parameters. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2013; 30:87–93.
  • Porta S, Gell H, Pichlkastner K, Porta J, Ehrlich B v, Vormann J, Stossier H, Kisters KA. System of changes of ionized blood Mg through sports and supplementation. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2013; 30:105–7.
  • Pamminger N, Porta S, Gell H, Fabian H, Stossier H, Kisters K. Jobs with mostly mental workload may lead to difficulties in oxygen and magnesium liberation into tissues. A staff health survey. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2015; 32:1–7.
  • Pamminger N, Porta S, Gell H, Fabian H, Stossier H, Kisters K. Changes in ionized Mg and blood gases in smokers by moderate excitement – a staff health survey. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2015; 32:86–90.
  • Porta S, Stossier H, Gell H, Moser M, Pamminger N, Kisters K. Provoked metabolic - and Mg changes in CFS patients and in a healthy Mg substituted group – a quantitative survey. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2015; 32:105–11.
  • Porta S, Pamminger N, Gell H, Pichlkastner K, Viebahn I, Fabian H, Kisters K. Significant changes in blood stress markers and subjective pain consciousness after 30 days of Mg substitution. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2015; 32:174–80.
  • Porta S, Moser M, Jennnetten B, Strempfl A, Gell H, Wäger M, Ehrlich B v, Kisters K. Signifikant changes of electrolytes in metabolically fatigued Farmers after 1 year of improving their work plan. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2016; 33:13–6.
  • Moser M, Porta S, Pichlkastner K, Gell H, Waeger M, Ehrlich B V, Kisters K. Metabolism of persons with low Mg levels shows inadequate management of both mental provocation and physical load. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2016; 33:35–40.
  • Bratu MM, Porta S, Gell H, Negreanu–Pirol T, Kisters K. Fatigue and Mg deficit – a vicious cycle? Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2016; 33:93–7.
  • Porta S, Gell H, Pichlkastner K, Kisters K. Mg state – effort – ionized Mg: A quantifying review of our more recent investigations. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2016; 33:128.
  • Porta S, Gell H, Holcner V, Zezula J, Moser M, Pichlkastner K, Kisters K. Predictability of effort, performance, and recreation need by metabolic markers including electrolytes. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2017; 34:23–8.
  • Porta S, Slanic R, Gell H, Holcner V, Zezula J, Moser M, Pichlkastner K, Kisters K. Magnesium and pCO2 explaining subjective feeling of success. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2017; 34:81–83.

Abstract Views: 242

PDF Views: 1




  • Differential Diagnoses and Prognoses of Stress-Induced Metabolic Changes by Stress Hormone Effects – A Synopsis of Our Recent Publications

Abstract Views: 242  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

Sepp Porta
Institute of Applied Stress Research, Fernitz – Mellach, Austria
Michael Moser
Theresan Military Academy, Wiener Neustadt,, Austria
Karl Pichlkastner
Theresan Military Academy, Wiener Neustadt, Romania
Mirela Bratu
Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
Harald Stossier
Rehabilitation Clinic Ma. Wöerth, Käernten, Austria
Manfred Walzl
Sigmund Freud Clinic, Medical University of Graz, Austria
Klaus Kisters
Center of Excellence for Hypertension, St. Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany
Stefan Opresnik
Institute of Applied Stress Research, Fernitz – Mellach, Austria
Ines Baeck
Institute of Applied Stress Research, Fernitz – Mellach, Austria

Abstract


The impact of a given amount of stress hormone upon about 12 different metabolic markers like blood gases, buffers, glucose, lactate and electrolytes shows a comprehensive pattern in a characteristic stress situation, fingerprinting both individual idiosyncrasies and the peculiar qualities of a certain stressful situation. According to HPLC data, norepinephrine correlates linearly and significantly with the mentioned stress hormone effects, underlining the feasibility of taking stress hormone effects for stress-diagnostic purposes rather than catecholamines themselves. Stress hormone effects – especially their correlative relations to each other – can also serve as prognostic tools, whereby effort and even performance in sports can be deduced from anticipatory arousal. Also, need of regeneration after a trial can be calculated from pre-challenge arousal. Even several days after a first parachute jump the personal feeling of success, of having been able to overcome the challenge efficaciously, correlates with the pre-challenge pCO2. However, the beneficial values of this “future building capacity”, that enables us to be nearly automatically prepared for future challenges, can be misused by unduly protracting such sympatho-adrenal anticipatory situations due to nonstop submaximal workload. Tissue oxygen depletion in oxygen– demanding situations is one of the resulting noxae. Determination of stress hormone effects furthermore allows educated guesses to distinguish, whether glucose irregularities, e.g. in metabolic syndrome, can be traced back to stressful situations or to the illness proper.

Keywords


Blood Gases, Correlations, Norepinephrine, Prediction, Stress Markers.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/jer%2F2017%2F21026