Invertis Journals of Renewable Energy https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE <p>Invertis Journal of Renewable Energy is published by INVERTIS, a reputed organization managing Invertis University. The journal will initially have four issues per year which include original full length papers, short communications of urgent interest as well as contemporary review articles. Some issues of the journal may be based on specific themes.</p><p>Indexed/Abstracted with Index Copernicus International(2015, ICV - 77.28), Google Scholar, Ebsco Discovery, CNKI Scholar &amp; Indian Science Abstract.</p> Invertis University,Bareilly en-US Invertis Journals of Renewable Energy 2231-3419 Fabrication of Environmental Friendly Perovskite Solar Cell by Partial Replacement of Lead with Tin https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE/article/view/154328 In the recent years a new class of solar material based on solid state mixed organic-inorganic halides perovskites has become the rising stars of the photovoltaic world. In this case perovskites are structured compounds which act as a light harvesting active layer. There has been a meteoric rise in the photoelectric efficiency from 3.8% in 2009 to 22.1% by the end of 2016. This is also attractive because it is flexible, cheap to produce and simple to manufacture. In spite of holding such a promising position in the advancing solar technology's world, it has certain setbacks; one of the most important among them is the presence of harmful lead (Pb) in the perovskite material. In this report, attempt has been made to replace the amount of lead (Pb) in perovskite solar cell by tin (Sn) to give birth to ABX<sub>3</sub>(A- CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>; B- CUSn; X- Cl/I), a less hazardous and environmental friendly perovskite solar device for a greener world. For this purpose, lead (Pb) has been partially replaced with tin (Sn) through chemical deposition method. The detailed characteristics of the thin film were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope and Ultraviolet- Visible Spectroscopy and finally photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell was evaluated under 1.5 <em>Sun illumination</em>. S. K. Abdul Moyez Abhinanda Sengupta Asit Baran Biswas Subhasis Roy Argha Dey Bhaskar Chandra Das 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 7 Synthesis of rGO@ZnS Nanocomposites for Visible Light Assisted High Photocatalytic Performance https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE/article/view/154331 ZnS nanobelts and ZnS@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites were synthesized via simple solvothermal treatments. The chemical composition, structure and optical properties of ZnS nanobelts and ZnS@rGO nanocomposites samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),Raman Spectroscopy and FESEM, UV-visible spectroscopy. We have used UV-Visible absorption spectra to find the optical band gap of prepared ZnS nanobelts and ZnS@rGO nanocomposites, direct bandgap of pure ZnS is 2.70 eV and that in case of ZnS@rGO is about 2.59 eV. The bandgap of pure ZnS nanostructure differ significantly from bulk ZnS due to the quantum confinement effect in nanostructure. ZnS nanostructure and ZnS@rGO nanocomposites were used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light <em>irradiation</em>. S. Dutta S. Pal S. Mondal S. De 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 7 Synthesis and Characterization of CZTS Nanoparticles by Solvothermal Method https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE/article/view/154333 <p>Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> (CZTS) is a promising thin film absorber material for low cost solar cell applications. CZTS nanoparticle ink synthesized using solvothermal route is an attractive option to deposit absorber layer using screen printing or spin coating method in CZTS thin film solar cell. In the present work, Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub>(CZTS) nano particles were synthesized by solvothermal method and its structural, compositional and morphological properties were analyzed.X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the formation of CZTS with kesterite structure and the average crystallite size is found to be 25.4 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that the CZTS nanoparticles are homogeneous and agglomerated. Energy Dispersive Analysis of X- ray (EDAX) verifies the stoichiometry of CZTS nanoparticles.</p> Ajay Dumasiya N. M. Shah 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 7 Study of Optical Properties of Zn<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>(1-x)</sub>Te thin Films by thermal Evaporation https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE/article/view/154335 Zn<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>(1-x)</sub>Te thin films of variable composition have been investigated. Structural and optical properties of Zn<sub>x</sub>Cd<sub>(1-x)</sub>Te solid solution with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were synthesized, from the resulting ZnTe and CdTe composition used in preparation of thin films. Structural investigation indicates they have polycrystalline structure. Composition was confirmed from EDAX while SEM picture shows homogeneity in films. Plots of (αhν)<sup>2</sup> versus (hν) yield straight line indicating direct transition. It is also found with increase Zn content the band gap of the films increases. U. P. Khairnar S. V. Borse H. B. Patil 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 7 Estimation of Methane Generation from the Landfill Sites https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE/article/view/154337 <em>Landfill Gas</em> (LFG) recovery is a very important element of an integrated solid waste management. The use of the landfills for solid waste disposal will continue to be the predominant method worldwide. This includes the information on how LFG to energy technologies worldwide can be implemented to extract the energy locked up in the landfills. This contributes the consolidation of knowledge in the field of LFG.Provide an overview of the status and prospects of LFG including the technical aspects and benefits of LFG recovery. Estimate of the methane generation estimation once the empirical constants have been determined by using the LFG models.In the present study, various physico-chemical parameters of the MSW were analysed to characterize the waste dumped at Okhla landfill sites in Delhi, India, which shows that it contains a high fraction of degradable organic components. The decomposition of organic components produces methane, a significant contributor to global warming. Based on the waste composition, waste age and the total amount dumped, a first-order model (FOD) was applied to estimate the methane generation potential of the Okhla landfill site, which yields an estimate of 25.98×106 m<sup>3</sup>/year. Mohd. Shahid Md. Meraj Tahir A. Khan 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 7 Ignition Characteristics of Solid Cone Fuel Spray of a High Speed Diesel Engine https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE/article/view/154340 An experimental study of the ignition characteristic of solid cone fuel spray for a high speed diesel engine for diesel fuel at various injection pressure (100 bar, 200 bar and 300 bar) is carried out to get the effect of injection pressure on ignition delay and duration of burning. The ignition delay of diesel fuel spray was measured by recording the time delay between the event of ignition and the event of appearance of flame inside the combustion chamber by using digital storage oscilloscope. For this purpose an experimental set up was developed with the emphasis on optical method for detecting flame. The measurement of ignition delay was taken at various cylinder pressures (20, 30 and 40 bar) for different surface temperature (623K, 673K and 723K). Main objective of this project was to study the parameter of emission and their control. The result presented here shows that, ignition delay and duration of burning of diesel fuel decreases with increase with injection pressure and also with increases in hot surfaces temperature and also with increases in cylinder pressure. Mohd. Shahid Md. Meraj Tahir A. Khan 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 7 Comparison of Heat Transfer Rate in Copper and Aluminium Finned Tube Heat Exchanger https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE/article/view/154342 This paper provides an overview on factors that affects the cooling rate capacity and some materials are studied. Properties compared in this paper include fluid flow rate, air velocity, and temperature limitations. Basics ideas of difference of materials used in Heat Exchanger are studied. For the objective of understanding the changes in parameters and behavior of Heat Exchanger and experimental setup layout was formed. The setup of Heat Exchanger was fabricated and tested for its working. Variation of heat exchange from water to air was studied. The water was flowing through tube and air was flowing through air duct by blower. Exchange of heat from hot water to cold air took place. This experiment was conducted for both Aluminium and Copper finned tube Heat Exchanger. Heat gained by air at various mass flow rate at constant water inlet temperature was noted for both Copper and Aluminium finned tube Heat Exchanger. From the graphs obtained it is concluded that heat transfer rate of Copper is higher than that of Aluminium. Nooruddin Ansari Md. Faizan Nooruzzaman 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 7 Scope and Possibilities of Copper Based Semiconducting Materials in Optoelectronic Applications A Review https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/InvertisJRE/article/view/154344 In the present work we cultivate various scope and opportunities of Copper (Cu) based semiconducting materials by analysis of 84 different research papers. The objectives of the present work are: Introduce of different Copper (Cu) based semiconducting materials and their merits &amp; de-merits, Different fabrication method regarding different materials according to different authors, Applications and future work based on different materials. From this review paper, beginners who are working on copper (Cu) based materials will gain a lots. Researchers will acknowledge various types of Cu based materials &amp; their different fabrication processes. Apart from this they will also be aware of advantages and disadvantages of various materials &amp; the possible defined problems which will carry out in future work. So beginners who are working on this, will find a convenient path to find a problem regarding future research work on Copper (Cu) based semiconducting material. Avijit Paul Ratan Mandal 2017-06-01 2017-06-01 7