Informatics Publishing Limited

Poonam Shukla ¹, Mavurapu Satyanarayana ¹, Prem C. Verma ¹, Jaya Tiwari ¹, Atma P. Dwivedi ¹, Rohit Srivastava ², Neha Rehuja ², Swayam P. Srivastava ², Sudeep Gautam ², Akhilesh K. Tamrakar ², Anil K. Dwivedi ³, Hari N. Kushwaha ⁴, Nagsen Gautam ⁴, Shio K. Singh ⁴, Mukesh Srivastava ⁵, Chandishwar Nath ⁶, Ram Raghubir ⁷, Arvind K. Srivastava ², Ram Pratap ⁸

Affiliations
1 Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, IN
2 Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, IN
3 Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, IN
4 Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaco-Dynamics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, IN
5 Division of Biometry and Statistics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, IN
6 Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, IN
7 Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, IN
8 Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031

Abstract

The hybrid congener 3 derived from hydroxychalcone and pharmacophore oxypropanolamine for adrenergic receptor, along with its enantiomers 9a and 9b were selected from a series of compounds for detailed studies of their antidiabetic profile in sucrose-challenged, low-dosed, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in db/db mice, and antidyslipidaemic profile in high fat diet-induced dyslipidaemic hamsters. The test compounds exhibited significant and consistent antidiabetic and antidyslipidaemic activities in the above models. The pharmacodynamic studies of two metabolites, 10 and 11, were undertaken. Metabolite 10 having greater bioavailability in plasma was synthesized and found to exhibit significant antidiabetic activity. The parent compound together with its active metabolites exhibited significant oral bioavailability, thus establishing compound 3 as a potential lead molecule for further studies.

Keywords

Antidiabetic and Antidyslipidaemic Activity, Chalcone, Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolites, Rodents.

Full Text

   

Jaya Tiwari ¹, Sushant More ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, K.K. Wagh College of Agriculture, Panchvati, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

The present study entitled cost and returns of soybean cultivation in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh was undertaken to study the costs and returns aspects of soybean. The study covered two blocks and four villages with 80 farmers growing soybean. The sample farmers were stratified in to small (up to 2 hectares) and large (more than 2 hectares). The data pertained to 2009-2010 were collected through survey method with the help of pretested schedules. Conventional and functional analysis was used to analyze the data and to arrive at valid conclusions. The per hectare cost of cultivation of soybean was estimated at Rs.30,740.85, Rs.28,466.26 and Rs.29,587.43 on small, large and pooled farms, respectively and thus exhibiting inverse relationship with the size of the farm. The cost of producing a quintal of soybean showed direct relationship with the size of the holding as it was Rs.1,727 on small farms, Rs.1,848.45 on large farms and Rs.1,793.20 on pooled farms. The net income decreased from Rs.13,342.47 on small farms to Rs.8,986.56 on large farms. The same on pooled farms was Rs.10,999.42.

Keywords

Soybean, Cost of Cultivation, Net Returns, Resource Use Productivity.

Full Text

     

Neha ¹, Dhananjay Kumar ¹, Preeti Shukla ¹, Sanjeev Kumar ¹, Kuldeep Bauddh ², Jaya Tiwari ¹, Neetu Dwivedi ¹, S. C. Barman ³, D. P. Singh ¹, Narendra Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226 025, IN
2 Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi 835 205, IN
3 Environmental Monitoring Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, IN

Abstract

River Gomti receives treated/untreated industrial as well as municipal wastes from various drains of Lucknow city, India. In order to study heavy metal pollution (Cd, As, Pb and Cu) in the river, water and sediment samples were collected from 10 sampling stations along a 9 km stretch in the city of Lucknow. Results revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples were in the range: As: 0.035-0.061, Cd: 0.016-0.068, Cu: 0.029-0.062 and Pb: 0.031-0.065 mg l^-1 whereas in sediments metal concentrations were found to be As: 3.72-14.98, Cd: 1.91-8.39, Cu: 8.97-95.35 and 35.82-90.92 μg g^-1. Bioaccumulation of these metals was assessed in four aquatic macrophytes, viz. Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Polygonum coccineum and Marsilea quadrifolia. Pistia stratiotes and Polygonum coccineum accumulated maximum amount of Pb followed by Cu, Cd and As, whereas in the case of Eichhornia crassipes and Marsilea quadrifolia the relative metal accumulation pattern was found as Cu > Cd > Pb > As and Cu > Pb > Cd > As respectively. The present study suggests that though the concentrations of toxic metals were lower in water, chronic exposure could result in bioaccumulation to a degree many-fold higher than in growing medium. It was also concluded that the water and sediment of the river should be regularly monitored for heavy metal contamination and care should be taken while using river water in agriculture/ aquaculture.

Keywords

Bioaccumulation, Gomti River, Heavy Metals, Macrophytes, Sediments.

Full Text