International Journal of Plant Protection

S. D. Patil ¹, J. R. Kadam ², A. G. Chandele ², S. S. Wagh ², R. S. Jadhav ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, Nasik (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Entomology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar (M. S.), IN

Abstract

The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinikoff) Sorokin was mass produced in different liquid media. The nine media of various nutrient sources were evaluated to find out the most suitable medium for growth, biomass and viability of M.anisopliae. Sabouraud's dextrose broth with yeast extract proved to be the superior which gave significantly highest cfu (12.33x108/ml) and biomass (7.20g). The next best medium was Sabouraud's maltose broth with yeast extract and potato dextrose broth with yeast extract which registering cfu count of (10.33 × 108 and 10.67 × 108cfu/ml) and biomass (6.27 and 5.73 g), respectively. The lowest (48.33%) medium surface coverage and least biomass (1.57g) and cfu (4.33 × 108/ ml) were registered in medium with malt extract. Thus, considering growth, development and viability of M.anisopliae, Sabouraud's dextrose broth with yeast extract (SDY) emerged as the most potential medium for biomass production.

Keywords

Metarhizium Anisopliae, Yeast Extract, Biomass, Colony Forming Unit

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R. S. Jadhav ¹, S. D. Patil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Horticulture, Malegaon, Nasik (M.S.), IN
2 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Studies on the effect of various adjuvants on growth and development of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was undertaken with a view to select suitable adjuvants for developing aqua suspension formulation. It was revealed that the B. bassiana formulations with combination of adjuvants helped in increasing production of fungal biomass at 10 DAI. Based on the results it is concluded that the overall performance of the adjuvants for growth and development of B. bassiana in series of lab experimentation out of 62 test formulations 8 formulations comprising 1) B.b.+ SFO (1%), 2) B.b.+ GNO (1%), 3) B.b.+GLY (2%) + BA (2%), 4) B.b.+ GLY (2%) + BA (2%) + TW (0.5%) 5) B.b.+ SFO (1%) + CMC (0.5%), 6) B.b.+ GLY (2%) + CMC (0.5%), 7) B.b.+ GLY (2%) + HO (1%), 8) B.b.+ SFO (1%) + HO (1%) were emerged out as most promising and advanced stage formulations of B. bassiana.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Adjuvants, Glycerol, Sunflower Oil, Groundnut Oil, Tween 80, Honey, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Boric Acid.

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S. D. Patil ¹, R. S. Jadhav ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Malegaon, Nasik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Studies on the effect of various adjuvants on growth and development of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson was undertaken with a view to select suitable adjuvant for developing formulation. It was revealed that the N.rileyi formulations with combination of adjuvants helped in increasing production of fungal biomass at 10 DAI. Based on the results it is concluded that the overall performance of the adjuvants for growth and development of N.rileyi in series of lab experimentation out of 96 test formulations. 10 formulation comprising 1) N.r.+HO (1%), 2)N.r+SFO(1%), 3) N.r.+GH(0.5%), 4) N.r.+TW(0.5%)+ GH(0.5%), 5)N.r.+GLY(2%)+SFO(1%), 6)N.r.+ GLY(2%)+GH (0.5%), 7) N.r.+SFO (1%)+GH(0.5%), 8)N.r.+TW(0.5%)+ GLY(2%)+ SFO(1%) + CMC (0.5%), 9) N.r.+ TW(0.5%)+GLY(2%)+HO (1%) and 10) N.r.+TW (0.5%) + GLY (2%) + CMC(0.5%) were emerged out as most promising and advanced stage formulations of N. rileyi.

Keywords

Nomuraea rileyi, Adjuvants, Glycerol, Sunflower Oil, Tween 80, Honey, Carboxymethyl Cellulose.

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S. D. Patil ¹, R. S. Jadhav ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, Nasik (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Latur (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Studies on evaluation of eleven aqua suspension formulations of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium aniosopliae comprising 1) M.a.+ TW(0.5%) + CMC (0.5%) 2) M.a.+SFO(1.0%) + CMC(0.5%),3)M.a.+ SFO(1.0%)+HO(1.0%) 4) M.a.+ GNO(0.5%) + BA (2.0%),5) M.a.+ GNO(0.5%) + CMC(0.5%),6) M.a.+ GNO (0.5 %) + GH (0.5%), 7) M.a.+ GH (0.5%)+HO (1.0%), 8) Control (M.a.alone) were carried out. At 3 DAI, AS formulation with M.a.+GNO(0.5%)+CMC (0.5%) registered significantly highest (88.33%) surface coverage. The next promising formulations were M.a.+ SFO(1.0%) + CMC (0.5%) (78.33%),M.a.+ GNO (0.5%)+GH(0.5%) (56.67%) andM.a. + GH (0.5%) + HO (1.0%) (51.67%). Least (8.33%) growth of the fungus was recorded in M.a.+TW (0.5%)+CMC(0.5%); when, control recorded 30.0 per cent surface coverage. On 10 DAI, the differences (6.67 to 11.43g) for biomass production were significant. M.a. + SFO (1.0%)+CMC (0.5%) maintained its superiority over rest of the formulations by producing 11.43g biomass. However, it was at par with M.a.+SFO(1.0%)+HO(1.0) (11.10g). Maximum cfu count was observed inM.a.+SFO (1.0%)+ HO (1.0%) (2.33x109). However, it was at par withM.a.+SFO (1.0%) + CMC (0.5%) (2.27x109). The least (30.0%, 6.67g and 17.672x108 cfu/ml) surface coverage biomass and cfu count were recorded in control i.e. the formulation (M.a.alone), respectively. In case of bioefficacy of various formulations against larvae of Spodoptera litura, the formulation with M.a.+ SFO (1.0%) + HO(1.0%) registered significantly highest mortality of 80.00 and 73.33 per cent of II and III instar larvae of S.litura.

Keywords

Metarhizium aniosopliae, Media, Yeast Extract, Biomass, Colony Forming Unit, Spodoptera litura.

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R. S. Jadhav ¹, S. D. Patil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Latur (M.S.), IN
2 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, Nashik (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Studies on laboratory evaluation of nine aqua suspension formulations of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin comprising adjuvants viz. 1) B.b.+GLY+CMC, 2) B.b.+GLY+HO, 3) B.b.+SFO+CMC 4) B.b.+SFO+HO 5) B.b.+GLY+BA, 6) B.b.+GLY+BA+TW, 7) B.b.+SFO, 8) B.b.+GNO and 9) Control (B.b. alone) were carried out against the II and III instar larvae of H.armigera. The data on larval mortality was recorded at 5, 7 and 10 days after treatment (DAT). At 10 DAT all the formulations were significantly superior to control (B.b. alone) for the lethal effect. The formulation B.b.+ SFO + CMC registered significantly highest larval mortality of 90.00 and 83.33 per cent of II and III instar larvae of H.armigera, respectively. However, it was at par to the formulation B.b.+ GLY + HO recording 86.67 and 80.00 per cent mortality of II and III instar larvae of H.armigera, respectively. The control (B. b. alone) recorded lowest (63.33 and 53.33 %) mortality of the caterpillar.

Keywords

Beauveria bassiana, Adjuvants, Glycerol (GLY), Honey (HO), Sunflower Oil (SFO), Groundnut Oil (GNO), Tween 80 (TW), Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Boric Acid (BA).

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S. D. Patil ¹, R. S. Jadhav ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, Nasik (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Entomology, AICRP on Soybean,Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Studies on the effect of storage on viability of developed Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson 5 % WP formulation A(N₃₀S_1/1) and B(N₃₀T_1/2G_2/1H_1/1) (comprising adjuvants, fungus and kaolinite) and N.rileyi alone in kaolinite (control) on viability of the fungus are undertaken. At 10 DAI, surface coverage varied from 100 to 36.67, 100 to 33.33 and 100 to 0.0 per cent in formulation A, B and control, respectively from 0 to 300 days storage samples. The formulations A and B stored upto 150 days showed cent per cent surface coverage against the 71.70 per cent in control.Cfu count varied from 24.33 to 1.33x10⁸, 23.67 to 1.33x10⁸ and 23.33 to 0x10⁸cfu/ml in formulation A, B and control, respectively from 0 to 300 days storage. Formulation A and B maintained their superiority over the control viability of the inoculums, while formulation without adjuvants recorded decline in viability. The reduction in cfu was rapid from 270 to 300 days. Considering surface coverage (%), biomass produced and viability (cfu/g) the N.rileyi 5%WP formulation A, B and control could be stored upto 10, 10 and 7 months, respectively for maximum cfu count of 1x10⁸/g for WP formulations as per norms.

Keywords

Nomuraea rileyi, Adjuvants, Glycerol, Sunflower Oil, Tween 80, Honey, Colony Forming Unit.

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S. D. Patil ¹, R. S. Jadhav ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, Nasik (M.S.), IN
2 Department of Entomology, AICRP on Soybean,Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Studies on the effect of storage of developed Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin 5 per cent WP formulation A1(M₃₀S_1/1C_1/2) and B1(M₃₀S_1/1H_1/1) (comprising adjuvants, fungus and kaolinite) and M.anisopliae alone in kaolinite (control) on viability of the fungus are undertaken.At 10 DAI, surface coverage by the fungus varied from 100 to 45.0, 100 to 46.67 and 100 to 0.0 per cent in formulation A1, B1 and control, respectively, when stored for 0 to 300 days. The samples stored upto 150 days showed cent per cent surface coverage in formulation A1 and B1 except control. Significantly higher biomass (9.10 to10.03 g/40ml medium) was produced in samples of formulation A1 and B1 (8.77 to 10.07g) stored upto 210 days as compared to that (3.40g) in formulation A1 and B1 (3.70g) stored for 300 days. The biomass in control was 6.27g in fresh sample against no biomass in sample stored for 300 days. The viability varied from 31.33 to 5.33x10⁸, 30.67 to 6.33x10⁸and 30.67 to 0.0x10⁸cfu/ml in formulation A1, B1 and control, respectively, from 0 to 300 days storage. Considering surface coverage (%), biomass produced and viability (cfu/g) the M. anisopliae 5 pe cent WP formulation A1, B1 and control could be stored upto 10, 10 and 6 months, respectively for the minimum cfu count of 1x10⁸/g for WP formulations as per norms.

Keywords

Metarhizium anisopliae, Adjuvants, Formulation, Wettable Powder, Sunflower Oil, Honey, Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Colony Forming Unit.

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