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The effect of UVC rays on the viability of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinikoff) Sorokin, in the presence of various concentrations of adjuvants comprising glycerol (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0%), tween-80 (0.5 and 1.0%), boric acid (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%), carboxymethyl cellulose (0.5 and 1.0%), indigo (0.5 and 1.0%), turmeric (0.5 and 1.0%), molasses (0.5 and 1.0%), honey (1.0 and 2.0%), milk (1.0 and 2.0%), sunflower oil (0.5 and 1.0%), groundnut oil (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%), mustard oil (0.5 and 1.0%), soybean oil (0.5 and 1.0%) and ghee (0.5 and 1.0%) and formulations without adjuvants, when exposed for 10 to 50 minutes, 2, 3 and 5 hours was studied under laboratory conditions. The UVC rays proved detrimental to the fungus and the effect increased with increase in exposure period. After 5 hours exposure to UVC rays, N.r.+SFO 1.0 per cent produced highest (4.97g) biomass when it was in rest of the treatments (2.40 to 4.87g) against 1.80g in control (N.r. alone). The next promising treatments were N.r.+SFO 0.5 per cent (4.87g), N.r.+GNO 1.0 per cent (4.87g) and N.r.+GNO 2.0 per cent (4.77g). The control N.r.alone without UVC exposure produced 7.30g of fungal biomass. Among the various oils sunflower and groundnut oil, among chemical adjuvant glycerol 2.0 per cent, CMC 0.50 per cent, boric acid and among nutrient sources honey, milk act as appreciable UVC protectant.

Keywords

Nomuraea rileyi, Media, Yeast Extract, Ultraviolet Formulations, Biomass.

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References

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Evaluation of IPM Module for Management of Giant African Snail, Achatina fulica (Bowdich) in Grape Vine

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Authors

S. D. Patil ¹, A. P. Padhye ¹

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, NASIK (M.S), IN

Source

International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 8, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 389-392

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted by the Agricultural Research Station, Niphad on farmer's field at Songaon, Tal. Niphad Dist. Nasik (M.S.) during Kharif 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2011-12 to assess the performance of IPM module against snails in grape vineyard in comparison to non IPM (farmer's practice). Result revealed that the IPM module comprising of various components viz., Clean cultivation i.e. cleaning and burning of waste pruned material, Removal of weeds from bunds and make it clean, Eliminate, all places where snails can hide, Collection and destruction of snails before sunrise and after sunset in solution of 5% copper sulphate or lime solution, Collection and destruction of eggs laid by snails in field/garden near the ischolar_main zone of the grape vine, Use of different traps as dry grass or waste material of vegetables heap or wetted gunny bags or old PVC pipe of 6 inch length at 20 to 25' distance in field/garden during evening hrs., Use of poison bait of Methomyl 40 SP : Wheat or rice bran or straw 50 kg + 2 per cent jaggery solution +25 g yeast + 50 g Methomyl 40 SP /ha. (Soaking wheat straw in water and 2 per cent jaggery solution and 25g yeast and at the time of application mix 50g methomyl 40SP. Application of this mixture in field/garden at various locations and near the bund by spreading during 15 days interval at 5 time or need based), Application of 5 per cent Metaldehyde @5 kg/ha at two times at 15 to 20 days interval as need based application in field/garden at the time of evening, Application of tobacco dust around the field i.e. 5 feet from bund as 5cm wide band in field/garden and also between two rows @ 50kg/ha at 3 times of 20 days interval afford excellent control of snails with higher yield (18.63 t/ha), monetary benefit (Rs. 327267/ha), net income (Rs. 230257/ha) and B:C ratio (3.36).

Keywords

Achatina fulica, Methomyl, Tobacco Dust, Grape Vine, Wheat Straw, Jiggery, Yeast.

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References

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Efficacy of Insecticidal Seed Treatment against Pests of Wheat

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Authors

S. D. Patil ¹, A. P. Padhye ¹, S. Katare ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad (M.S.), IN
2 Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal (Haryana), IN

Source

International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 9, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 372-380

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted during Rabi 2012-13 to 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Niphad, Maharashtra, India to determine the efficacy of promising insecticides used for seed treatment for the management of wheat pests. The insecticides were Thiamethoxam 30 FS @ 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00ml/kg seed, Clothianidin 50 WDG @ 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 g/kg seed, Imidacloprid 48 FS @ 0.50 and 1.00ml/kg seed, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.50 and 1.00 ml/kg seed. Thiamethoxam 30 FS @1.0 ml/kg seed, Clothianidin 50 WDG @ 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 g/kg seed and Imidacloprid 48 FS @ 0.50 and 1.00 ml/kg seed were found the most effective as they didn’t show the aphid population as an untreated control recorded the maximum of 44.08 number of aphids/shoot/plant. The seed treated with thiamethoxam 30FS, clothianidin 50 WDG and Imidacloprid 48FS were found effective for the control of jassids and shoot fly. Thiamethoxam 30FS @ 1.00ml/kg seed recorded significantly highest yield of 55.26q/ha and also the highest (53.45g) 1000 grain weight. Lowest yield was observed from untreated control (34.12 q/ha). The additional yield and income over control was highest (21.14q/ha and Rs. 44480/ha) in thiamethoxam 30FS @ 1.00 ml/kg seed. The monetory returns, net profit and benefit cost ratio were maximum in treatment with thiamethoxam 30FS @ 1.00ml/kg seed (Rs.114607/-, 81377/ha and 3.44).

Keywords

Wheat, Triticum aestivum, Rhopalosiphum padi (L), Thiamethoxam, Clothianidin, Imidacloprid.

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References

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Resistance Sources for Wheat Aphid : An Update

Abstract Views :150 | PDF Views:1

Authors

S. D. Patil ¹, A. P. Padhye ¹, Subhash Katare ²

Affiliations
1 Agricultural Research Station, Niphad (M.S.), IN
2 Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal (Haryana), IN

Source

International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 9, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 628-631

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop with largest area under cultivation in India and plays a significant role in economic stability of the country. Many insect pests attack wheat in India, severe damage is caused by aphids as serious pest of wheat crop which cause yield losses either directly (35-40%) by sucking the sap of the plants or indirectly (20-80%) by transmitting viral and fungal diseases. They can multiply very rapidly under favourable conditions on leaves, stems and inflorescence. The infestation causes severe distortion of leaves and inflorescence and can significantly decrease the yield through direct feeding. The production of chlorophyll (green colour) is prevented by the attack of aphid resulting in curling of leaves and delayed head emergence causing improper maturity of grains. The aphid incidence level differed in different cultivars of wheat. The resistance of crop is an index of the balance that exists between the preference of the pest for crop and its antibiosis against it. The mechanical barriers possessed by the plants which prevented insects from feeding or ovipositing on them. The infestation significantly affected the ischolar_main dry weight, number and height of tillers and number of spikes per head. Leaf epicutticular wax, ultra structure and leaf trichome were different on susceptible wheat cultivar and resistant cultivar. Leaf trichome density and position may act as a physical obstracle to the Russian wheat aphid feeding. An increased amount of glutamic acid, glutamine, alpha amino butyric acid, phenylalanine and proline and less methionine, produce resistance in wheat plants against aphids. Hydroxamic acids (Hx) have been shown to be a major biochemical mechanism of resistance of wheat to aphids, acting through antibiosis and feeding deterrency.

Keywords

Wheat, Triticum aestivum, Rhopalosiphum padi (L), Hydroxamic Acids, Non Preference, Resistance.

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