International Journal of Plant Protection https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr <div id="i-scholarabout">Internationa l Journal of Plant Protection is an official publication of the HAS. It features the original research in all branches of Plant, Agriculture and other cognate branches of sufficient relevance. The journal publishes three types of articles. i.e. Review/Strategy/Case study (exclusively by invitation from the personalities of eminence), Research paper and Research Note. The manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate with CD in all respect to the Editor, International Journal of Plant Protection</div> Hind Agri-Horticultural Society en-US International Journal of Plant Protection 0974-2670 Evaluation of Antibiotics, Fungitoxicants and Botanicals against <i>Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae</i>, A Cause of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196341 In vitro efficacy of different antibacterial compounds, were evaluated against <em>Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae</em>(Xoo) causing bacterial leaf blight of rice. Six antibiotics viz.,Streptocycline, Streptomycin, Streptomycin sulphate, Plantomycin, Tetracycline hydrochloride and Oxytetracycline hydrochloride were evaluated for their efficacy against the growth of <em>Xoo</em> cultures at two levels (50 and 100ppm) of concentration except Plantomycin (500 and 1000 ppm) using inhibition zone assay method. The largest inhibition zone (25 mm) was documented in Tetracycline hydrochloride @ 100ppm, followed by 23 mm obtained in Streptomycin @ 100ppm. Five fungitoxicants comprising Copper Oxychloride 50 % WP (0.15 and 0.25%), Copper hydroxide 77 % WP (0.15 and 0.25%), Carbendazim 50 % WP (0.05 and 0.15%), Validamycin 3L (0.15 and 0.25%) and Propiconazole 25% EC (0.05 and 0.1%) were evaluated for their efficacy against growth of <em>Xoo</em> cultures at two levels of concentration. The maximum inhibition zone (19.34mm) was recorded in Validamycin @ 0.25% followed by 18.16mm observed in copper oxychloride @ 0.25%. Effect of combination of antibiotics and fungitoxicants were studied using a set comprising of six commercially available antibiotics viz., Streptocycline (100 ppm), Streptomycin (100 ppm), Streptomycin sulphate (100 ppm), Plantomycin (1000 ppm), Tetracycline hydrochloride (100 ppm), Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (100 ppm), and three fungitoxicants i.e.Copper oxychloride 50 % WP (0.25%), Copper hydroxide 77% WP (0.25%), Carbendazim 50 % WP (0.15%) were evaluated for their efficacy against growth of <em>Xoo</em>. Single concentration of each antibiotic will be evaluated with combination of three fungitoxicants separately. Maximum inhibition zone (25.8mm) was obtained in case of Streptocycline + Carbendazim which is at par with Tetracycline hydrochloride + Copper oxychloride and Streptomycin sulphate + Copper hydroxide. The cultures of <em>Xoo</em> were also screened with plant extracts viz., Neem leaf, Garlic bulb, Onion bulb, Ginger rhizome, Tulsi leaf at three levels (10, 20 and 30%) of concentration for their antibacterial properties against <em>Xoo</em>. The maximum inhibition zone (9.2 mm) was recorded in Garlic @ 30% followed by 9.14mm resulted in Tulsi @ 30 per cent. Sonika Deep Durga Prasad Subhashish Sarkhel 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Seasonal Incidence of the Sucking Pest and Lady Bird Beetle on Bt Cotton https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196342 Seasonal incidence of sucking pests in <em>Kharif</em> 2016 at College of Agriculture, Dhule revealed that, the leafhopper incidence reached its peak activity during the second week of October (6.64 leafhoppers/3 leaves/plant), whereas, the peak incidence of aphids was noticed in the third week of October (8.82 aphids/3 leaves/plant). The peak incidence of the whiteflies was recorded during the fourth week of October (8.02 whiteflies/3 leaves/plant). The peak incidence of the thrips was recorded during the third week of October (6.76 thrips/3 leaves/plant). The activity of predator lady bird beetle was at its peak during first week of October (2.94 lady bird beetles/plant), which is directly related with the activity of the sucking pest in field. The correlation between incidence of leaf hoppers (r = 0.205), aphids (r = 0.174), whiteflies (r = 0.206), thrips (r = 0.167), was positively non-significant with maximum temperature (T<sub>max</sub> ). The minimum temperature (T<sub>min</sub> ) showed negative significant correlation with whiteflies (r = -0.640**), thrips (r =-0.464*) and negative non-significant correlation with leafhoppers(r =-0.411) and aphids (r = -0.3111). The morning relative humidity (MRH) showed negative significant correlation with occurrence of whiteflies (r = -0.440*) and negative non significant correlation with occurrence of the leafhoppers(r = -0.123), aphids (r = -0.101) and thrips (r = -0.184). Similarly, the evening humidity (ERH) showed negative non significant correlation with the pests such as leafhoppers(r = -0.038), aphids (r = -0.021), whiteflies (r = -0.166) and thrips (r = -0.085) during <em>Kharif</em> 2016 season. The rainfall had negatively non significant effect at 5 per cent level of significance with leafhoppers, aphids, whitefly and thrips. Rohini Khedkar G. B. Kabre 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 <i>In vitro</i> efficacy of Different Fungicides against <i>Alternaria macrospora</i> Causing Leaf Blight of Cotton https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196343 A total of sixteen fungicides which included six systemic, five non systemic and five combi products which differed significantly with respect to fungicides concentrations and their interactions were evaluated for their efficacy against <em>Alternaria macrospora</em> by poisoned food technique. Among the six systemic fungicides evaluated against <em>A. macrospora</em>, hexaconazole and propiconazole recorded the cent per cent inhibition of mycelial growth at all the concentrations (0.05 %, 0.1 % and 0.15 %) and least inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded by carbendazim (26.01 %). Out of five non systemic fungicides evaluated, mancozeb recorded the maximum inhibition of 95.29 per cent followed by captan 92.68 per cent and copper oxy chloride recorded the minimum inhibition of 68.7 per cent. Among five combi fungicides evaluated <em>in vitro</em>(tebuconazole 50 % + trifloxystrobin 25 %) recorded the complete inhibition (100 %) at all concentrations (0.1 %, 0.2 % and 0.3 %) and least inhibition of mycelial growth 86.01 per cent was recorded by (captan 70 % + hexaconazole 5 %). Somashekhar Nagappa Meti V. R. Kulkarni 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Persistence Toxicity and Field Evaluation of Spinetoram 12 SC against <i>Spodoptera litura</i> Fabricius on Okra https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196344 <em>Spodoptera litura</em> (Fabricius) is a destructive defoliating polyphagous pest on various crops throughout India especially in vegetable crops. Experiments were undertaken to investigate the persistence of spinetoram 12 SC against larval stage of <em>S. litura</em> in the laboratory and to evaluate the effectiveness in the field in two seasons. The results of persistence toxicity revealed that there was continuous larval reduction upto 14 DAT under the laboratory condition in different doses of biological green insecticide spinetoram (36, 45 and 54 g a.i/ha). This reinforces the need to reapply spinetoram 10 – 14 days after the first application (peak of biological activity) for effective control. The order of relative efficacy (ORE) of the insecticides based on the persistent toxicity index (PTI) values was spinetoram 12 SC 54 g a.i./ha &gt; spinetoram 12 SC 45 g a.i./ha &gt; cypermethrin 25 EC 50 g a.i/ha &gt; emamectin benzoate 5 SG 8.5 g a.i/ha &gt; spinetoram 12 SC 36 g a.i./ha &gt; quinalphos 25 EC 200 g a.i/ha. In field experiments spinetoram 12 SC was significantly effective at 45 and 54 g a.i./ha when sprayed thrice at 15 days interval and minimized the incidence of <em>Spodoptera litura.</em> M. Visnupriya N. Muthukrishnan 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Bio-efficacy of Different Insecticides against Leaf Hopper, <i>Empoasca kerri</i> Pruthi (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera) in Clusterbean https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196345 Experiments were conducted during three cosecutive <em>Kharif</em> seasons (2015-17) to study the effect of commercially available insecticides formulations i.e.Acetamaprid 20 % SP (0.4 g/ litre of water), Imidacloprid 17.8 % SL(0.33 ml/ lit.), Quinalphos % 25 EC (2.0 ml/ lit.), Thiamethoxam 25 % WG (0.5 g/ lit.), Neem(Azadirachta indica) oil 2%(20 ml/lit.), Karanj (<em>Pongamia pinnata</em>) oil 2%(20 ml/lit.) against the Jassids, <em>Empoasca kerri</em> Pruthi in Clusterbean. The order of most effective insecticide was: Imidacloprid &gt; Thiamethoxam&gt;Acetamaprid. The maximum population reduction over control after 7 days of second spray was 71.76 and 70.14 per cent due to Imidacloprid,and Thiamethoxam during 2015. The same trend was found in 2016 and 2017. Thus, Imidacloprid wasfound most effective against the Jassids, <em>Empoasca kerri</em> Pruthi (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera). Ram Kishor Meena Ravindra Kumar Meena Uadal Singh Manohari Lal Meena 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Standardization of Culture Age, Crop Growth Stages and Different Methods of Inoculation of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> Pv. <i>Oryzae</i>, A Cause Bacterial Leaf Blight in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196346 Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae is one of the most dreaded diseases of rice across the world, particularly affecting the majority of rice growing regions of Asia. In India, rice crop is severely affected by BLB and accounts for 6- 74 per cent of estimated yield loss. Since selection of efficient screening method is important for identification of resistance against BLB, so, three investigations were conducted to find out the most efficient Xooculture age, crop growth stage and inoculation method to evolve an efficient and reliable methodology of screening of rice genotypes for identification of resistance against BLB. In the investigations, the rice TN-1 was used as test variety and it maintained as one hill per pot. To find out the appropriate age of Xooculture for its successful inoculation in the host, the plants were inoculated with different ages of Xoocultures at maximum tillering stage. The most effective inoculum age observed for BLB inoculation was 36 hours and 48 hours old culture of Xoo, both in terms of disease severity and incubation period. In case of appropriate crop growth stage for successful inoculation of Xoo, the most susceptible crop growth stage was found to be booting stage followed by panicle initiation stage. Among the different methods of inoculation; the most efficient method was clip + dip followed by clip method. Sonika Deep Durga Prasad Subhashish Sarkhel 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Field Efficacy of New Generation Insecticides for the Management of Spotted Pod Borer, <i>Maruca vitrata</i>(Fab.) in Cowpea https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196347 The spotted pod borer, <em>Maruca vitrata</em>(Fab.) causes significant damage by attacking pods in cowpea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the field efficacy of new generation insecticides against spotted pod borer. Field experiments were conducted at Regional Research Station, Nasik (Maharashtra) on cowpea during <em>Kharif</em>,2009 and 2010. Among the new generations tested, flubendiamide 20 WG @ 1.0 g/l (4.79%) was observed significantly higher, in reducing the damage caused by the spotted pod borer in cowpea, on number basis followed by indoxacarb 14.5SC @ 0.5 ml/l (7.99%) and spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l (8.70%). The highest marketable yield (91.49 q/ha) was recorded in flubendiamide 20 WG @ 1.0 g/l followed by spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l (91.39 q/ha). However, the maximum cost benefit ratio (1:3.2) was recorded in thiodicarb 75 WP @ 1 g/l followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/l (1:2.3), spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l (1:1.9), emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.5 g/l (1:1.3), flubendiamide 20 WG @ 1.0 g/l (1:1.1). On the basis of efficacy, flubendiamide 20 WG @ 1.0 g/l was observed to be very effective against <em>Maruca vitratain</em> cowpea followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/l and spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l. B. K. Singh Rakesh Pandey A. K. Singh M. K. Mishra S. K. Singh R. P. Gupta 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Detection of Seed Mycoflora Associated with Indian Bean Cultivars https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196348 Seed mycoflora detected in agar plate method was <em>Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,Alternaria</em> <em>alternata</em> and <em>Penicillium</em> sp. in five different Indian bean cultivars. Overall 5.35 to 23.94 per cent seeds showed various seed mycoflora.<em>Aspergillus niger</em> developed maximum colonies and <em>Penicillium</em> sp. the least. Similarly seed mycoflora was detected in blotter paper method, 13.49 to 35.90 per cent seeds showed various seed mycoflora. <em>Aspergillus niger </em>developed maximum colonies and Rhizopus stolonifer the least. Per cent seed mycoflora was high in blotter paper mehod compared to agar plate method. Dhara R. Prajapati P. R. Patel 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Relative Susceptibility of Chickpea Varieties against Pulse Beetle in Storage https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196349 The present investigation was carried out in the laboratory of Department of Agricultural Entomology, Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during 2018. Among 8 Chickpea varieties, Minimum (44.3% and 23.00%) pulse beetle grain infestation (number basis and weight basis, respectively) was recorded in a variety Vikrant while the maximum (75.5% and 39.8%) pulse beetle grain infestation (Number basis and weight basis) was recorded in a variety Kripa. Minimum (30.6 %) grain weight loss was recorded in a variety Vikrant and maximum (52.9%) grain weight loss was recorded in a variety Kripa. In Free choice test, the lowest (6.33) average number of adult pulse beetles oriented towards variety Vikrant, while the highest (11.00) adult pulse beetles oriented towards kabuli variety Kripa. In “No choice test” minimum (78.60%) adult emergence was observed in variety Vikrant while the highest (90.39%) adult emergence of pulse beetle was observed in a susceptible variety Kripa. Minimum (27.66 days) development period was observed in variety Vijay while the maximum (29.66 days) development period of pulse beetle was observed in variety Virat. The minimum (2.18) growth index was observed in variety Vikrant and the maximum (2.48) growth index was observed in a variety Kripa. A. P. Barge G. B. Kabre 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Estimation of Pesticide Residues in Table Grapes by using Gas and Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196350 The grapes are being exported in increasing quantities from Maharashtra to European countries and a lot of pesticide inputs are being used by the growers. A total number of 578 grape samples collected from Nasik district during December, 2013 to April, 2014 and analyzed for 167 numbers of multi-class pesticide (Organophosphate, Triazine, Pyrimidine, Triazole, Imidazole, Benzimidazole, Nicotinoid, Substituted thiourea, Strobiluron, Dinitroaniline, Morpholine) residue levels using Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) by using validated methods. Only four samples were free from pesticide residues and rest were contaminated with 1-13 numbers of pesticides residue. During the study different classes of total 41 number of agro-chemicals had been detected and 116 number of samples were failed with residues of 4-Bromo-2-Chlorophenol, Abamectin,Carbendazim, Chlormequat Chloride , Chloropyriphos,Dinocap,Forchlorfenuron, Hexaconazole, Flusilazole, Profenophos, Spinosad, Thiacloprid, Triazophos, Fipronil and Acephate by exceeding their European Union MRLs. S. P. Yadav B. K. Singh Rakesh Pandey A. K. Singh M. K. Mishra S. K. Singh 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Standardization of Inoculation Technique to Identify the Sources of Resistance against Stem and Pod Rot of Groundnut https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196351 A technique was standardized to screen for resistance to stem rot (<em>Sclerotium rolfsii</em> Sacc.) in groundnut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.). A total of seven different inoculation techniques were screened by using susceptible genotype TMV-2. The techniques involved inoculation of 10 day old groundnut plants raised in pots by spreading mycelial propagules of <em>S. rolfsii</em> grown on sorghum grain medium (SGM) on soil surface, Inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum placed around the collar region, Inoculum placed around the collar region and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Inoculum mixed in the soil, Inoculum mixed in the soil and covered with groundnut leaf debris, Agar disc method. Among these techniques inoculum spread on the soil surface and covered with groundnut leaf debris was found to be most efficient in getting highest per cent incidence of stem rot (84.86%) and pod rot (70.48%). Poornima Gururaj Sunkad 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Evaluation Of Evaporation Measuring Methods For Reference Evapotranspiration within Greenhouse https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196352 Alternative methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) within greenhouses are explored due to the large area occupied by a Class A pan. Based on the locations, the evapotranspiration difference between inside and outside greenhouse varies. Research results about what pan co-efficient (Kp) should be utilized inside the greenhouse are not conclusive. Therefore the main objective of the work was to compare ETo calculated by various methods within and outside a greenhouse. A Class A pan (CAPi), a reduced pan (RPi<sub>60cmØ</sub> ) and a reduced pan (RPi<sub>20cmØ</sub> ) were installed inside a greenhouse, and another Class A pan (CAPo) was installed outside. ETo estimates, obtained by CAPi, RPi<sub>60cmØ</sub> and RPi<sub>20cmØ</sub> were 54 per cent, 57 per cent and 59 per cent of those estimated by CAPo, respectively. A simple linear regression showed positive coefficients R = 0.76 for the CAP<sub>o</sub>x CAP<sub>i</sub> , R = 0.96 for the CAP<sub>i</sub> and the RPi<sub>60cmØ</sub> , R = 0.98 for the CAPi and the RPi<sub>20cm Ø</sub> . The study concluded that it is possible to use reduced pans to estimate the ETo inside the greenhouse and replacement of reduced pan would increase the space available for cultivation in the greenhouse. E. Sujitha K. Shanmugasundaram G. Thiyagarajan 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Evaluation of Phytoextracts against Seed Mycoflora of Indian Bean (<i>Lablab Purpureus</i> L.) Cultivars Under <i>in vitro</i> Condition https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196353 <em>In vitro</em> evaluation of seven phytoextracts as seed dresser against seed mycoflora of Indian bean revealed custard apple leaf extract proved to be most effective with least number of fungal infected seeds followed by turmeric rhizome extract. <em>Neem</em> leaves extract also proved their potential against seed mycoflora. Dhara R. Prajapati P. R. Patel 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Economically Important Dipteran Species Biodiversity in South Tripura District of Tripura https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196354 The present two years experimental survey was carried out for assessment of distribution pattern and diversity of different dipteran insects species in the South Tripura district of Tripura during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The various dipteran insects were collected from different localities of South Tripura district viz., Manumukh, Birchandra Manu, West pillak and Bedantra para. The selected areas for collection were varied from farmland to forest areas with an average elevation of 26 meters. During the study a total of 40 numbers of surveys were made and study reveals that the area under the survey has dipteran insects belonging to 18 families, 28 genera, and 55 species and among the collected 55 numbers of species the ecological roles span are ranges from vertebrate blood feeding to detritivory species. D. Sharmah A. Khound S. Rahman 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Assessment of Technological Gap and Performance of Integrated Diseases Management Approach for Wilt in Cumin https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196355 The experiment was carried out to assessment of technological gap and performance of integrated diseases management (IDM) approach as a resistant variety, chemical seed dressing, soil and seed treatment as a bio-agents for antagonistic fungi on growth of cumin <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. cumini pathogens under field conditions. This experiment was conducted on farmer trials (OFT) villages like Bhusi, Patelo Ki Dhani and Baldo Ki Dhani in Pali distract four year (2014 to 2017). This area is major growing cumin cultivation and here major problem face farmer every year cumin wilt disease due to reduction of yields. During this experiment disease incidence of wilt was observed to be lowest (Disease Incidences 5.00%) when resistant variety GC-4, seed dressing Carbendazim @ 2.0g/ kg with <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>@ 6g/ kg seed + application of 100 kg FYM enriched with <em>T. harzianum</em> @ 3.0 kg/ha for soil treatment before 15 days of sowing cumin. Maximum disease incidence (24.00%) was observed when traditional farmers practice (no seed treatment). The adoption of recommended improved crop production technology and plant protection measures was poor. The OFT was effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of IDM approach and yield increased upto 28.64 per cent more over the traditional farmers practices. Results indicates that IDM approach increased net income by Rs. 20,593/-ha over farmers practices. Laxman Prasad Balai Dheeraj Singh M. L. Meena 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Study on Habitat Ecology and Burrow Structure of <i>Bandicota bngalensis</i> in Groundnut https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196356 The Lesser Bandicoot rat is the most dreaded vertebrate pest of Groundnut. The study on habitat burrow ecology of <em>B. bengalensis </em>in groundnut was carried out during both during <em>Kharif</em> and summer of 2012-13 in groundnut crop at Thagachuguppey village, Magadi Taluk of Ramanagara district of Karnataka state. The study indicated that mean diameters of burrow opening of <em>B. bengalensis</em>, was 6.10±0.74 and that of side tunnels was 3.36±1.01cm. The maximum depth of the burrow was 89 cm and total length was 753 cm for <em>B. bengalensis</em> species. K. K. Adarsh 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) in Nurseries of Willow, Poplar and Pine Seedlings in Himachal Pradesh https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196357 Poplar and willow are economically-important, fast-growing tree species with the ability to colonize nutrient-poor environments. Willow (<em>Salix sp</em>.) offers a great potential as a source of renewable energy and for bioremediation and polluted environments. To initiate a study on the possible contribution of arbuscular mycorrhiza to this ability, we isolated mycorrhial fungi from in and around the rhizosphere of native poplar (<em>Populus</em> sp.), willow (<em>Salix sp</em>.) and pine (<em>Pinus sp</em>.) seedlings grown in research nurseries at Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan (H.P.). Several species of mycorrhizal fungi grew well in the rhizosphere of these trees, were characterized based on morphological studies. The number of spores per 50 g of rhizosphere soil from pinus, willow and poplar were found to be 1380, 1290, 1300 and 540, 490, 530 spores at 106 µ and 250 µ mesh sieves, respectively. The presence of these AM fungi may help explain the ability of these pioneering tree species to grow under nitrogen limitation. Their presence will be helpful in mitigating the losses due to soil borne diseases as well as enhancing the plant vigor. Sunita Chandel Vijay Kumar 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Effect of Microbial Consortia on Soil Enzymatic Activities of Sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>(l.) Moench] Rhizosphere under Glass House Conditions https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196358 A pot experiment was conducted under green house conditions to study the influence of microbial consortia on rhizospheric soil enzymatic activities at different intervals of sorghum growth. Microbial consortia along with different doses of chemical fertilizers and FYM were added to sorghum (CSV-27). Different soil enzymes viz., acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase enzyme and urease enzyme activity were monitored at zero DAS, 45 DAS, 90DAS and 120DAS in potculture. Treatment T<sub>10</sub> (75% RDF + Microbial consortium-2 +FYM) showed significantly highest enzymatic activity of all the enzymes at all intervals of crop growth compared to other treatments. While, except urease all the other three soil enzymes like dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lowest in T<sub>11</sub> (100% RDF). Microbial consortium-2 showed maximum enzymatic activity compared to microbial consortium-1. Y. Kavya N. Trimurtulu A. Vijaya Gopal 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Evaluation of Insecticides against Stemborers in Maize https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196359 In the field experiments conducted during <em>Kharif</em> 2012 and <em>Rabi</em> 2012-13 at Maize Research Centre, Rajendranagar to find out an alternative to endosulfan which was recommended against stem borer in maize, insecticides were sprayed at the recommended dosages at 12 DAG and observations were recorded at 45DAG and subjected to RBD analysis after angular transformation. Mean infestation was observed to be the lowest in the plot treated with chlorantriniliprole 18.5 SC (1.28%) followed by £cyhalothrin 5CS (2.33%). Mean per cent deadhearts was lowest i.e., 0.41 in the £-cyhalothrin treated plot followed by 0.61 in Indoxacarb treatment. M. Anuradha 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Efficacy of Fungicides against Seed Mycoflora of Indian Bean (<i>Lablab purpureus</i> L.) Cultivars under <i>in vitro</i> Condition https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196360 <em>In vitro</em> evaluation of eight fungicides as seed dresser against seed mycoflora of Indian bean revealed that Pyraclostrobin + Metiram and Carbendazim + Mencozeb combinations were superior. Pyraclostrobin + Metiram proved to be most effective with least number of fungal infected seeds followed by Carbendazim + Mencozeb. Also Carbendazim and Mencozeb solely proved their potential against seed mycoflora. Dhara R. Prajapati P. R. Patel 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Importance of Silkworm and its Wastes to Enhance Socio-Economic Status in India https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196361 Mulberry sericulture always been recognized only for commercial production of silk from silkworm. Its quiet true also that at present this sericulture industry is looked as an important source by countries such as China and India to generate global currencies. But several resources regarding mulberry sericulture are still utilized properly. The sericulture waste can be emanated into three kinds i.e., first is beds refuse after silkworm rearing, second mulberry twigs, surplus leaves along with fruits, third waste from coccon reeling such as pupae. Also silkworm excreta and different by products can offer diverse utility either by direct or indirect way in agriculture and rural cottage industries. Hence helping to generate note worthy economic for the sericulture farmers. Y. T. Jadhav K. N. Tambave A. D. Chavan B. Kiran Kumar Babu 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Scenario of Arthropod Diversity in Organic Farming System https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196362 Major reasons of loss of arthropod diversity, species richness, dominance and abundance are due to the application of synthetic pesticides, deforestation for conventional farmingand lack of habitat and microclimate, and all these occur under conventional farming system. A detailed review revealed the organic farming system to have an holistic approach in performing better than the conventional farming system as former provided important advantages like harmless chemicals, safety to human and animal health, species richness, abundance of insect predators and the pollinators. Subash Singh 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13 Mulberry and its Waste Utilization an Important Socio-Economic Status in Sericulture https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijppr/article/view/196363 Mulberry plant is an extremely versatile plant that can fulfill a number of roles in smallholder agricultural production. Mulberry has been used as silkworm feed also in traditional oriental medicine as a anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and also to treat cardiovascular problems. Mulberry fruits are used as a foodstuff to enhance the cattle milk production. Mulberry stem and ischolar_main barks can be used in the paper making industry. Dried wastes of mulberry are utilized in poultry rations which improve the nutritional content i.e., vitamin A, finally increasing their egg production. Mulberry wastes such as stem, leaves, branches etc. are used in biofuel and biogas production which can inflates a notable avenue to seri-farmers. Its high thickness stems are applied in manufacturing of hockey sticks and various agricultural implements. Their biomass waste is an valuable raw material for the pharmaceutical industry due to its high flavones and phenol content. Hence whole mulberry plant have a specific value and if proper utilization of such raw material takes place it can open new vista in industrial exploitation which may help to uplift standard of living and socio- economic status of seri-farmers. Y. T. Jadhav B. Kiran Kumar Babu A. D. Chavan K. N. Tambave 2020-04-01 2020-04-01 13