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Choudhary, Prema Ram
- Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Post Menopausal Women
Abstract Views :270 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Physiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Baroda, IN
1 Department of Physiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Baroda, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 50, No 10 (2013), Pagination: 421-427Abstract
Menopause is the consequence of the exhaustion of the ovarian follicles, which results in a decreased production of estradiol and other hormones 1 . The decrease in the levels of the sex steroid hormones during menopause in women causes a number of disturbances in the metabolism of different organs. In this period of life, the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension and impairment of glucose metabolism, breast cancer and degenerative cognition diseases rises. The impact of estrogen deficiency after menopause on the trace minerals has not yet been widely studied but the expected menopause related alterations in the trace mineral status may have an impact on the above pathologies. The risk of nutritional disturbances, particularly of calcium, magnesium and vitamin deficiency is high during menopause 2 . Magnesium enhances bone turnover through the stimulation of the osteoclastic function and its deficiency may play a role in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It acts as a surrogate for calcium in the transport and mineralization process 3 . Its deficiency may lead to disturbances in the cardiac rhythm, necrotic changes, atheromatous plaques, a high value of total cholesterol and a low value of high density lipoprotein cholesterol 4.
References
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- Bednarek-Tupikowska, G., Jodkowska, A. and Antonowicz-Juchniewicz, J. Zinc, copper, manganese and selenium status in pre- and postmenopausal women during sex hormone therapy. Adv. Clin. Exptl. Med., 2010, 19, 337-345.
- Gur, A., Colpan, L., Nas, K., Cevik, R., Sarac, J., Erdogan, F. and Duz, M.Z. The role of trace minerals in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and a new effect of calcitonin. J. Bone Miner. Metab., 2002, 20, 3 9-43.
- Anke, M. Role of trace elements in the dynamics of arteriosclerosis. Z. Gesamte. Inn. Med., 1986, 41, 105-111.
- Masi, L. and Bilezikian, J.P. Osteoporosis: New hope for the future. Int. J. Fertil. Wom.Med., 1997, 42, 245-254.
- Bohuon, C. Microdetermination of magnesium in various biological media. Clin. Chim. Acta., 1962, 7, 811-817.
- Gitelman, H.J. An Improved automated procedure for the determination of calcium in biological specimens. Anal. Biochem., 1967, 18, 521-531.
- Alola, J.A. Color atlas of osteoporosis. Mosby - Year Book Europe Ltd, Ayles buny, England. 1993, 3-11.
- Gallagher, J.C., Kin Yamu, H.K., Fowler, S.E., Dawson-Hughes, B., Dalsky, G.P. and Sherman, S.S. Calcitropic hormones and bone marker in the elderly. T. Bone Miner Res., 1998, 13, 475-482.
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- Study of Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Post Menopausal Women
Abstract Views :412 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, GMERS Medical College, Sola, Gujarat, IN
3 Department of Physiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, IN
1 Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Biochemistry, GMERS Medical College, Sola, Gujarat, IN
3 Department of Physiology, C.U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, IN
Source
The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol 51, No 1 (2014), Pagination: 76-81Abstract
Menopause is the transition period in a woman's life when the ovaries stop producing eggs, menstrual activity decreases and eventually ceases and the body decreases the production of the female sex hormones.The present study was conducted to evaluate the serum calcium and magnesium level in post menopausal females as compared to that in pre menopausal females. Sixty one, females were selected for the study, out of which 31 females were pre menopausal (aged 30-40 years) and 30 were post menopausal (aged 45-55 years, with a permanent cessation of menstruation for more than 1 year). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in each woman. Blood pressure of each woman was measured with mercury sphygmomanometer. The estimation of the serum calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were done in both the groups. On comparative evaluation, there was a significant increase in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with a significant decrease in the serum calcium and magnesium in the post menopausal women as compared to those in the pre menopausal women whereas no significant difference was found in the Body Mass Index in both the groups. Post menopausal females were exposed to greater risk of physiological and biochemical changes as compared to the pre menopausal females, thus leading to an increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases after menopause.Keywords
Serum Calcium, Magnesium, Blood Pressure, Pre Menopausal, Post Menopausal.References
- Sachdeva, A., Seth, S., Khosla, A.H. and Sachdeva, S. Study of some common biochemical bone turnover markers in post menopausal women. Ind. Clin. Biochem., 2005, 20,131-134.
- Bednarek-Tupikowska, G., Jodkowska, A. and Antonowicz-Juchniewicz J. Zinc, copper, manganese and selenium status in pre- and post menopausal women during sex hormone therapy. Adv. Clin. Exptl. Med., 2010, 19, 337-345.
- Gur, A., Colpan, L., Nas, K., Cevik, R., Sarac, J., Erdogan, F. and Duz, M.Z. The role of trace minerals in the pathogenesis of post menopausal osteoporosis and a new effect of calcitonin. J. Bone Miner. Metab., 2002, 20, 39-43.
- Anke, M. Role of trace elements in the dynamics of arteriosclerosis. Z. Gesamte. Inn. Med., 1986 41, 4,105-111.
- Masi, L. and Bilezikian, J.P. Osteoporosis: new hope for the future. Int. J. Fertil. Wom. Med., 1997, 42, 245-254.
- Bohuon, C. Micro determination of magnesium in various biological media. Clin. Chim. Acta.,1962, 7, 811-817.
- Gitelman, H.J. An Improved automated procedure for the determination of calcium in biological specimens. Anal. Biochem.,1967, 18, 521-531.
- Alola, J.A. Color Atlas of Osteoporosis. Mosby - Year Book Europe Ltd, Ayles buny, England. 1993, 3-1.
- Gallagher, J.C., Kin, Yamu, H.K., Fowler, S.E., Dawson-Hughes, B., Dalsky, G.P. and Sherman, S.S. Calcitropic hormones and bone marker in the elderly. T. Bone Miner Res., 1998, 13, 475-482.
- Haris, S. and Dawson – Hughes, B. Rates of changes in bone mineral density of spine, heel, femoral neck and radius in healthy post menopausal women. Bone Miner., 1992, 17, 87-95.
- Moon, J., Bandy, B. and Dovison, A.J. Hypothesis: Etiology of arteriosclerosis. J. Am. Clin. Nutr., 1992, 11, 567-583.
- Christiansen, C. and Delmas, P.D. Effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on the urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1991, 72, 367-373.
- Gennari, C., Agnusdei, D., Nardi, P. and Citvitelli, R. Estrogen preserves a normal intestinal responsiveness to 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 in oophorectomized women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1990, 71, 1288–1293.
- Sunil Kumar, K.H. and Bhaskar, P. Osteoporosis an emerging disease of the 21st century. J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care, 2012, 66-68.
- Dreosti and Ivore. Nutr. Rev., 1995, 53, 523 -527.
- Dimai, H.P. et al, J. Clin. Endocrino.l Metab.,. 1998, 83, 2742-2748.
- Saltman, P.D. and Strause, L.G. The role of trace minerals in osteoporosis. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 1993, 12,384-389.
- Mutlu, M., Argun, M., Kilic, E., Saraymen, R., Yazar, S. Magnesium, zinc and copper status in osteoporotic, osteopenic and normal postmenopausal women. J. Inter. Med. Res., 2007, 35, 692-695.
- Garauet, M. Body fat distribution in pre-and post menopausal women: metabolic and anthropometric variables. J. Nut., 2002, 6,123-126.
- Kaur, K., Mogra, R. Association of body mass index, body fat and hypertension among post menopausal women. J. Hum. Ecol., 2006, 20,171-175.
- Pelt, R.E., Evans, E.M., Schechtman, K.B., Ehrani, A. and Kohrt, W.M. Waist circumference verses body mass index for prediction of disease risk in post menopausal women. Int. J. Obes ., 2001, 25, 1183-1188.
- Sipila, S. Body composition and muscle performance during menopause. J. End. Invest., 2003, 26, 893-901.
- Azizi, F., Esmaillzadeh, A., Mirmiran, P. and Ainy, E. Is there an independent association between waist-tohip ratio and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese women? Int. J. Cardiol., 2005, 101, 39-46.
- Perry, A.C., Applegate, E.B., Allison, M.L., Miller, P.C. and Signorile, J.F. Relation between anthropometric measures of fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight pre- and post-menopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1997, 66, 829-836.
- Pasquali, R., Casimirri, F., Labate, A.M., Tortelli, O., Pascal, G., Anconetani, B., Gatto, M.R., Flamia, R., Capelli, M. and Barbara, L. Body weight, fat distribution and menopausal status in women. The VMH collaborative group, Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 1994,18, 614-621.
- Yannakoulia, M., Melistas, L., Solomou, E. and Yiannakouris, N. Association of eating frequency with body fatness in pre- and post- menopausal women. Obesity, 2007, 15, 100-106.