Rahul Srivastava ¹, Arti Gupta ², Palanivel Chinnakali ³, O. P. Aslesh ⁴, Kapil Yadav ⁵, Vivek Gupta ⁶, Anil Goswami ⁵, Baridalyne Nongkynrih ⁵

Affiliations
1 Centre for Community Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi,, IN
2 Community and Family Medicine, Aiims, Bhopal, IN
3 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, JIPMER, Puducherry, IN
4 Department of Community Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Kannur, Kerala, IN
5 Centre for Community Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, IN
6 Department of Epidemiology at Nimhans, Bangalore, IN

Abstract

Globally, World health statistics 2012 have reported that one in three adults has raised blood pressure and one in ten adults have diabetes. Present study is a community based cross sectional study, carried out in an urban resettlement colony in Dakshinpuri Extension of South Delhi during the months of March and April 2010 with household as the sampling unit. A total of 389 households were studied. An interview schedule was developed and pre tested consisting of socio-demographic profile and knowledge and practices KAP component. A total of 389 individuals were interviewed. Of the total, 57 % were females and 43% were males. Mean age of the study participants was 40.05 (S.D±15.2 years) with a median per capita income of Rs. 900 per month. More than 80 % of the study participants had heard of the words diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease. Most of the respondents considered that lifestyle plays a role in the development of NCDs. Less than 40 % of the respondents know about the role of nutrition in the development of NCDs. Nearly half of the respondents regarded diabetes and hypertension as a serious illness. According to 68.3 %, 57 % and 69 % of study participants, medical treatment is appropriate for hypertension, diabetes and coronary artery disease. The rest resorted to untrained health care providers. Prevalence of self reported diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease were 13.5 %, 20.6 % and 3.9 % respectively.

Keywords

Nutrition, Non Communicable Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Urban.

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Deepika Bahl ¹, Ishu Kataria ¹, Neha Bakshi ¹, O. P. Aslesh ², Anil Goswami ², Kapil Yadav ³, Chandrakant S. Pandav ², M. G. Karmarkar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, IN
2 Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IN
3 Indian Coalition for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorder, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

Iodine supplementation through Universal Sait iodization (USI) has been proven to be an effective way of reducing the prevalence of iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD). After implementation of USi, the number of countries in which iodine deficiency was a public health problem decreased from 110 to 54 between 1993 and 2003.

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Areeba Khanam ¹, Surbhi Gupta ¹, Neha Singh ¹, Kashish Vohra ¹, Kapil Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 029, IN

Abstract

Anemia is broadly caused by nutritional and non-nutritional factors. Deficiency of cobalamin and folate are one of the causes of anemia and hence are of public health significance among 0 to 19 years old children in India. These deficiencies either alone or together may cause megaloblastic anemia, poor cognitive and motor development and stunting amongst children. To estimate the prevalence of serum cobalamin and serum folate with associated risk factors among children aged 0 to 19 years in India through various published studies. This review literature search was carried out using internet search engine namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Research gate using the term of cobalamin, vitamin B12, folate, children, deficiency and India from January 1st 2011 to June 30th 2021. Of the 252 research articles identified, 13 articles meeting the inclusion criteria (community based, cross sectional studies) were included and 5 articles among 0 to 5 years, 8 articles among 6 to 19 years reported the prevalence of cobalamin and folate deficiency. The prevalence of cobalamin deficiency ranged from 7 to 74% and prevalence of folate deficiency ranged from 1.5 to 40.2% among children aged 0 to 19 years. Most common associated risk factor identified was inadequacy of the diet and consumption of only vegetarian diet. Cobalamin and folate deficiency are of significant public health importance in age group 0 to 19 years in India. The deficiency varied across region and by contributing factors. Dietary diversification and promoting animal source of foods amongst children should be promoted to address cobalamin and folate deficiency.

Keywords

Cobalamin, Folate, Prevalence, Deficiency, Risk Factor, Children, Anemia

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