https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/issue/feed The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Prof. S. P. Thyagarajan ijndeditor1964@gmail.com Open Journal Systems Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics is a Quarterly Publication &amp; is published by Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore. The aim of the journal is to provide a platform for students, teachers, scientists, researchers, and also for the health professionals to share the knowledge and ideas in recent trends in nutrition research. The journal is included in the list of UGC journals for granting academic points under the API system. The NAAS rating of the journal is 2017-3.42, 2018-4.21, 2019-4.21, 2020-4.21, 2021-4.87<!--p>The NAAS rating (2017) of the journal is hiked to 4.21 from 3.42</p-->. https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222371 Association between Muscle Mass, Body Fat Mass, and Abdominal Circumstances with Insulin Resistance among Young Adult Population with Prediabetes Risk 2023-07-04T07:07:15+00:00 Anindya Putri Adhisti anindyaputri1409@gmail.com Siti Fatimah-Muis Amalia Sukmadianti Darmono S.S. Febe Christianto <p>Prediabetesis is associated with an increase in plasma insulin concentration due to a decrease in insulin sensitivity in insulin target organs. Central obesity is a risk factor for prediabetes. To determine the relationship between muscle mass, body fat mass, and abdominal circumference with insulin resistance. The study was involving 50 young adult subjects aged 15-35 years, 50 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Muscle mass and body fat mass were measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Abdominal circumference was measured using a tapemeter. Hours of sleep were measured using a questionnaire, while physical activity was measured based on the IPAQ-short form. Insulin resistances were measured using HOMA-IR score. Data were analyzed using spearman correlation. The correlation between abdominal circumference using two kinds of measurement and HOMA IR was found in all subjects (r = 0.691 and r 0.659; p = 0.000). After being analyzed separately by gender, it was found that there are positive correlation between body fat mass and HOMA-IR (male r = 0.672 p 0.001 female r = 0.582 p 0.001). There were a negative correlation between skeletal muscle mass and HOMA-IR (male r= -0.653 p 0.002, female r= -0.424, p 0.019), but there was no relationship between physical activity and sleep hours with insulin resistance. There is a relationship between skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and abdominal circumference on insulin resistance regardless of gender. Further study is needed to determine the cutoff point of HOMA-IR as the predictor of insulin resistance.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222372 Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation to Improve Linear Growth in Children 2023-07-04T07:07:15+00:00 Prema Ramachandran nutritionfoundationofindia@gmail.com Anshu Sharma Hema S Gopalan <p>In India, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as assessed by vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml is high across the country, in all socio-economic, age and sex groups. Studies from India have documented that prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in breast-fed infants. Stunting in young children continues to be a major public health problem in India. It is possible that in addition to low birth weight and chronic energy deficiency, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high stunting rates in breast-fed Indian children. If this were so, vitamin D supplementation may reduce the magnitude of linear growth retardation in the first two years of life. A community-based randomised, double-blind supervised daily supplementation of 250 mg of calcium and 250 IU of Vitamin D (Group A) or placebo (Group B) to breast-fed infants from the first month up to 23 months of age was undertaken to assess the impact, if any, of vitamin D supplementation on linear growth in children and height attained at 23 months. At enrolment, there were no significant differences in weight, length and BMI between infants belonging to Group A or Group B. There were no significant differences in infant and young child feeding practices, morbidity due to infection, or linear growth and height attained at 23 months between Group A and Group B. These data suggest that daily supplementation of calcium and vitamin D between 0-23 months did not have any significant impact on linear growth of children from urban low middle income families.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222373 Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in General Population using Bitter Taste Sensitivity Status to Phenylthiocarbamide - A Pilot Study 2023-07-04T07:07:15+00:00 Bhupender Kumar bhupender19@ihe.du.ac.in Savita Bansal Disha Kapila Rishu Thakur Surbhi Bhati Nikita Grover Geeta Trilok-Kumar Archana Burman <p>Eating habits and genetic factors contribute to diseases such as obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Variation in bitter taste perception has been linked with intake of alcohol, coffee, vegetable, and smoking habit as well as with adiposity, a risk factor for diabetes development. Therefore, it was hypothesized that bitter taste perception could lead to differences in eating/drinking behavior among individuals, which may lead T2DM development later in the life. Bitter taste sensitivity was assessed using paper strips having supra-threshold concentration of Phenyl Thio Carbamide (PTC). Lifestyle variables were assessed using standard anthropometry measurements and a questionnaire. T2DM risk was assessed using a point based system developed by Finnish Diabetes Association (FINDRISC score). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 498 volunteers from New Delhi region participated in the present study, where the mean age of PTC tasters was 24 ± 12 years and for non-tasters was 29 ± 16 years. PTC taster status was significantly correlated with age (p ≤ 0.01), weight (p ≤ 0.05), BMI (p ≤ 0.05) and waste circumference (p ≤ 0.05). A positive correlation was observed for type of chocolate liking (r = 0.113, p ≤ 0.001) and for T2DM risk (p ≤ 0.012) with PTC non-taster status. Logistic regression analysis showed that PTC non-taster individuals are at a higher risk (OR: 1.558, 95% CI: 1.037-2.342, p=0.033) for developing T2DM in the next ten years. Present results have shown that bitter taste sensitivity modulates liking towards certain food and non-tasters for PTC have a higher BMI, weight and are at a higher risk for T2DM development. PTC tasting could be employed as a method for assessing risk of diabetes in healthy individuals. We recommend large scale screening among young adults to promote awareness and early prevention measures.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222374 Evaluation of Mindful Eating Levels among Adolescents of Different BMI Category 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Padma Vijayakumar padma.v@mccblr.edu.in Sayeda Amina Hermein Nazeer <p>India faces a steadily increasing prevalence of dual weight burden among adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the eating patterns and mindful eating level of adolescents of different BMI category. A cross sectional study was conducted with 130 adolescents, aged 12-15 years, recruited through quota sampling from government and private schools of Urban Bengaluru. The nutritional status were assessed as prescribed by WHO anthropometric data through standardised stadiometer and weighing scale protocols. Mindful eating level was assessed through a validated Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Most of the adolescent subjects were following non-vegetarian diets, where majority of them (47.7%) were observed to have BMI categorised as underweight. Mindful eating practices showed statistically significant (p&lt; 0.05) scores under moderate level by closely half of the subjects and low level by 1/3rd on the MEQ tool. Dual burden of malnutrition that is underweight and obesity was prevalent in the study population. This can be attributed to the sedentary lifestyle coupled with mindless eating. Empowering mindful eating approach would appear to be a strategy in combating the double burden of malnutrition.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222375 Environmental Impact of Conventional Rice Cultivation using Life Cycle Analysis 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Alphonso R. 18phfnf007@avinuty.ac.in Thirumani Devi A. <p>Rice is the staple cereal in most Asian countries. Agriculture and food production accounts for nearly a third of global GreenHouse Gas Emissions (GHGE), where rice has a significant contribution. This study quantifies the environmental impact of conventional rice cultivation using Life Cycle Analysis, which assesses every process, input and output in the cultivation system and measures the environmental impacts. The top six impacts in the production of 1000 kg paddy in one field in North East India was terrestrial toxicity (245.548 kg 1,4-DCB), global warming (144.283 Kg CO2 eq), human non-carcinogenic toxicity (83.905 kg 1,4-DCB), fossil fuel scarcity (38.760 kg oil eq.). More of such data is necessary to create a nation-wide database, so that consumers and policy makers can make proper decisions not only based on nutritional content or safety of food, but also in terms of their environmental impact.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222376 Standardisation and Quality Evaluation of Barnyard Millet Incorporated Probiotic Yoghurt 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Amrutha U.A. amrutha-2019-16-003@student.kau.in Sharon C. L. Seeja Thomachan Panjikkaran Lakshmy P.S. Beena A. K. <p>Millets are said to be nutri-cereals because they provide most of the nutrients required for normal functioning of human body. It can be fermented for increasing their nutrient quality and digestibility, as well as their sensory qualities and functional qualities for local populations. Probiotics can be used to ferment millet which may enhance the nutritional content and bioavailability of nutrients in millets, and when administered in adequate amounts can confer health benefits for the host. In this context, standardisation of barnyard millet based yoghurt was done. Treatments with various combinations were tried, among which 50 % milk and 50 % millet slurry was selected as the best with mean scores of 8.67 for appearance, 8.76 for colour, 8.60 for flavour, 8.60 for taste, 8.62 for texture and 8.69 for overall acceptability. A 25 g of the barnyard millet based yoghurt was fermented with1 ml of probiotic culture (L. acidophilus) and 2 ml of yoghurt culture, incubated for 6 h at 38º C. The nutrients of non-probiotic barnyard millet based yoghurt along with probiotic yoghurt was assessed, and it was found to have moisture content of 85.05 and 87.03 %, acidity 0.72 and 0.81 %, pH 4.02 and 3.88, carbohydrate 8.76 and 8.58 %, protein 3.49 and 3.52 %, fat 0.59 and 0.63 %,TSS 12° brix and 11° brix, reducing sugar 8.33 and 7.55 %, total sugar 11.55 and 10.99 % crude fibre 0.60 and 0.50 % and total ash 0.68 and 0.69 %, respectively.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222377 Influence of Emulsifiers and Heat Moisture Treatment of Millets on Quality of Gluten-Free Chhana Cake 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Hitesh Jambukiya Suneeta Pinto suneeta.pinto@kamdhenuuni.edu.in Sunil Patel <p>The present investigation was conducted to develop a technology for the manufacture of a gluten-free chhana cake. Refined wheat flour was substituted with blend of three flours viz., barnyard millet, amaranth and little millet (consisting of 31.86% barnyard millet, 32.69% amaranth and 35.45% little millet) were subjected to heat moisture treatment. In order to select the most suitable heat moisture treatment the millet blend was subjected to three heat moisture treatments. Based on the results the selected heat moisture treatment was: Adjusting the moisture content of millet flour blend to 25% and keeping it at 4°C for 24 h in an air tight plastic container followed by heating the moisture adjusted flour at 100°C for 3 h in a hot air oven and finally drying it at 40°C till a final moisture content of about 9% was obtained. In the second part of the study, the rate of addition of baking powder and glycerol monostearate was optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM) i.e., Design Expert 13.0.5.0. The optimized solution was 1.40% baking powder and 1.66% glycerol monostearate. The desirability of this model was 0.93.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222378 Characterization of Bio-Degradable Plant Based Film to Enhance the Shelf Life of Perishable Food 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Preeti Kumari preeti666k@gmail.com Avinash Kumar Manali Chakraborty Savita Budhwar Suneel Kumar <p>The present study discloses the role of developed fenugreek-based biofilms to enhance shelf life of perishable foods. The biofilms were prepared in different variations [fenugreek: agar] i.e. V0 (100:0), V1 (90:10), V2 (80:20), V3 (70:30) and are characterized on the basis of transparency and thickness along with other functional properties. Obtained data indicated better transparency for V1 (2.50) in comparison with V2 and V3.The variations were able to retain nutritional contents viz., antioxidant property, ascorbic acid, phenolic content and percentage weight loss in coated sample with negligible nutrient loss compared to that of uncoated sample. Further, the samples have been irradiated using gamma source, to observe the effect of combined treatments (biofilm and gamma radiation). Recorded observation depicts enhanced shelf life of coated – irradiated sample (V1- Ir) for 19 days. The current study discloses the strategic approach of plant-based biofilm and radiation in improving shelf life of perishable foods.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222379 Effect of Emulsifiers on Quality Parameters of Coconut (<i>Cocos nucifera</i> L.) Milk Concentrate 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Samuel Jaddu samuelseeker29@gmail.com Alka Sharma Venkata S.P. Bitra <p>Coconut milk was treated with emulsifiers, namely, Tween 80 (0.5% and 1.0%) and Tween 20 (0.25% and 0.75%) for preparing the coconut milk concentrate. Treated coconut milk was evaporated to reach desirable consistency more than 20% TSS. Increase in emulsifier concentration in the coconut milk not only reduced the time taken for product preparation, but also, controlled breakage of fat globules in coconut milk. Prepared coconut milk concentrate was analyzed for moisture, fat, pH, TSS and over run, sensory parameters like color, appearance, taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability using 9-point Hedonic scale during 21 days of storage eat refrigerated conditions. Moisture, over run and TSS increased while fat and pH decreased during storage. Results showed that the concentrate prepared with different treatments were significantly different with each other at p≤0.05. Among all concentrate samples prepared, 0.5% Tween 80 emulsifier additions appeared to be the best treatment till 7th day of storage in terms of sensory parameters.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222380 Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Using Different Solvents of <i>Neolamarckia cadamba</i> Fruit Extracts 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Swati Shikha swatishikha95@gmail.com Anil Kumar <p>Neolamarckia cadamba is a commonly found tree in India and is known for its large green leaves and ball shaped flowers and fruits. Also tree is culturally and economically important plant of India and is traditionally used for preparation of herbal medicines because of its various pharmacological properties. Although bark and leaves are mostly utilized whereas fruits are somewhat lagging behind in terms of its medicinal usages. This present study deals with the antibacterial properties of Neolamarckia cadamba (ripe and unripe) fruits. Six different solvent extracts which includes acetone, benzene, water, DMSO, ethanol and methanol (mg/ml) were prepared for the screening of antibacterial properties of Neolamarckia cadamba fruits against gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. It was observed that zone of inhibition was highest in ethanolic extract (14 mm) of ripe fruit against the Bacillus subtilis. Zone of inhibition was found lowest in acetonic extract (5 mm) of ripe fruits whereas no zone of inhibition was found in benzene and ethanolic extract of unripe fruits. Out of both fruits, ripe was found to be most effective against both strains whereas out of six solvents ethanolic and methanolic extracts were found to be most effective.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222381 Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Ginger: Preclinical and Clinical Review 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Anuradha D. Otari anugavade2008@gmail.com Rupali A. Patil <p>Major attention is being paid to ginger's potential clinical uses in the hopes of achieving significant therapeutic effects. This thorough review seeks to offer a thorough explanation of the clinical effects of ginger in many documented areas. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomised controlled trials on the effects of ginger were mentioned. The study design, population characteristics, and primary outcomes of the review and research papers were all thoroughly examined. Along with anti-inflammatory effects, it has been shown to help cancer types, digestive issues, anti-diabetic metabolic syndromes, and motion sickness and vomiting during pregnancy. Calcium channel blockers as well as antibiotics have shown synergistic effect with ginger in preventing platelet aggregation. Ginger has the capacity to fend off illness.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/Ijnd/article/view/222382 Current Information on <i>Capsicum frutescens</i>: A Critical Review of Pharmacological Potential 2023-07-04T07:07:16+00:00 Meetali Chinnkar mchinnkar@gmail.com Pratima Jadhav <p><em>Capsicum frutescens</em> is a species of the Solanaceae family of the genus Capsicum, which has around 20 species, five of which are regularly cultivated: “Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, <em>Capsicum frutescens</em>, and<em> Capsicum pubescens</em>.” Since ancient times, C. frutescens has been used to taste and colour food all throughout the world. However, it is also employed for its medical benefits by many civilizations all over the world. This prompted researchers to concentrate on its chemical components, which led to a number of studies. The components isolated from C. frutescens such as capsaicinoids, carotenoids, and saponins authenticated its antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-fungal, cardiovascular, thrombolytic, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidant activities along with a few more through various studies. This review focuses on all the pharmacological properties of these components highlighting the significance of Capsicum frutescens in herbal medicine.</p> 2023-06-01T00:00:00+00:00