International Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Nimit Kumar ¹, S. P. Singh ¹, Jyoti Kachroo ¹, Harminder Singh ¹, Chandan Kumar ¹, Nafees Ahmed ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Stastistics, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN
2 Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (J), Chatha, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

An investigation entitled economic analysis of cost and returns of Basmati rice in Jammu district of J&K state was conducted in Basmati grown two different development blocks of Jammu district (R. S. Pura and Bishnah) during the agricultural year 2011-12. Four villages from each block were selected randomly. Further, from each village, 10 farmers were selected randomly, so as to constitute a total sample size of 80. Primary data on costs and returns of the Basmati was done by interviewing the farmers with the help of specially structured and pretested schedule and by visiting growers. The per hectare total costs of cultivation (cost-C₂) of Basmati rice worked out to be Rs. 34107.21, Rs. 36895.48, Rs. 39414.98 and Rs. 40517.49 in case of marginal, small, medium and large farms, respectively, with an overall average farms of Rs. 38199.29 while as the respective cost A1, cost A2,cost B1, cost B2 and cost C1were Rs. 17876.26, Rs. 17876.26, Rs. 19363.48, Rs. 28521.21 and Rs. 24949.48 in case of marginal farms, Rs. 20305.58, Rs. 21745.58, Rs. 22469.84, Rs. 32691.48 and Rs. 26673.84 for small farms, Rs. 21804.10, Rs. 25004.10, Rs. 24622.52, Rs. 36183.98 and Rs. 27853.52 for medium farms, and Rs. 23094.17, Rs. 26694.17, Rs. 26315.43, Rs. 38287.49 and Rs. 28545.43 for large farms and on an average of overall farms were Rs. 20610.69, Rs. 23410.69, Rs. 22972.38, Rs. 34259.83 and Rs. 26911.84, respectively. The overall per hectare returns of Basmati rice were Rs. 53869.00, Rs. 53585.83, Rs. 53462.04, Rs. 54118.08 for marginal, small, medium and large farms with an average of overall farms was Rs. 53684.06. The benefit cost ratio on the total cost of cultivation was 1: 1.57, 1: 1.45, 1: 1.36 and 1: 1.34 for marginal, small, medium and large farms with an average of overall farms were 1: 1.40.

Keywords

Cost Concept, Item Wise Cost, Cost Structure, C-B Ratio

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R. K. Meena ¹, M. P. Neupane ², S. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, VARANASI (U.P.), IN
2 Tribhuwan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Lamjung Campus, LAMJUNG, NP

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2013 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to evaluate the effect of phosphorus levels and bio-organic sources on growth and yield of wetland rice cv. HUR-105. Factorial experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design involving four levels of phosphorus viz., control, 50 per cent RDP, 75 per cent RDP and 100 per cent RDP and three bio-organic sources i.e. PSB, PSB + BGA and PSB + BGA + FYM (5 t ha^-1) replicated thrice. Increase in the levels of phosphorus application upto 100 per cent RDP (60 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1) improved growth attributes, yield attributes, grain and straw yields. Combined use of PSB + BGA + FYM (5 t ha^-1) proved superior to PSB alone and PSB + BGA. Economic analysis indicated that integration of moderate phosphorus level (75% RDP i.e. 45 kg ha^-1) along with the use of PSB + BGA + FYM (5 t ha^-1) gave highest net return and B:C ratio.

Keywords

Phosphorus Levels, Bio-Organics, FYM, BGA, PSB, Rice.

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Neelam Singh ¹, Atul V. Singh ², S. P. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture Economics, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), IN
2 Allahabad School of Agriculture (SHUATS) Allahabad (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Lilium is one of the important bulbous flowers grown in Kumaun hills of Uttarakhand. Present study aims at examining cost incurred in production in terms of percentage and investigating the existing marketing system. The study reveals that the operational cost during first year was the most important item of cost, accounting for 37.32 per cent of the total operational cost. Cuttings formed the chief component of material cost accounting for 97.57 per cent of the total material cost. Cost of production was very high in first year due to high labour and material cost. The yield per hectare was estimated to be 121982 spikes in the first year. Thereafter, yield declined and decreased to 98806 in third year. It is found that lilium cultivation is economically viable.The investigation also reveals that two marketing channels exist in the marketing of lilium flower in the study area. The marketing cost as percentage of consumers rupee, borne by producer in channel-I was 6.41 per cent and 6.36 per cent in channel-II. It was found that retailers get higher relative share in consumer’s rupee. It is suggested that liberal credit facilities need to be made operative for farmers, as Lilium is highly capital intensive enterprise. Development of wholesale markets close to production clusters and related infrastructure in terms of storage, packaging, transport and market information also need to be strengthened to give a boost to production and return from the market.

Keywords

Lilium, Cultivation, Marketing, Value-Chain.

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