The Indian Practitioner

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Current Concepts


Affiliations
1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, 15, Dr. Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai 400026, Maharashtra, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating condition. The most common cause of ICH is hypertension. Aggressive blood pressure management and surgical management in selected cases improves outcome. In this article the author discusses the various aspects of ICH and its management.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • van Asch CJ, Luitse MJ, Rinkel GJ, van der Tweel I, Algra A, Klijn CJ. Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2010 Feb;9(2):167–76.

  • Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E, Hanley D, Kase C, Krieger D, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Stroke. 2007 Jun;38(6):2001–23.

  • Feigin VL, Lawes CMM, Bennett DA, Barker-Collo SL, Parag V. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2009 Apr;8(4):355–69.

  • Maia LF, Mackenzie IRA, Feldman HH. Clinical phenotypes of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. J Neurol Sci. 2007 Jun 15;257(1–2):23–30.

  • Biffi A, Sonni A, Anderson CD, Kissela B, Jagiella JM, Schmidt H, et al. Variants at APOE influence risk of deep and lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Neurol. 2010 Dec;68(6):934–43.

  • Viswanathan A, Greenberg SM. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly. Ann Neurol. 2011 Dec;70(6):871–80.

  • Aronowski J, Zhao X. Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral hemorrhage: secondary brain injury. Stroke. 2011 Jun;42(6):1781–6.

  • Anderson CS, Huang Y, Wang JG, Arima H, Neal B, Peng B, et al. Intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT): a randomised pilot trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008 May;7(5):391–9.

  • Goldstein JN, Fazen LE, Snider R, Schwab K, Greenberg SM, Smith EE, et al. Contrast extravasation on CT angiography predicts hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2007 Mar 20;68(12):889–94.

  • Kim J, Smith A, Hemphill JC, Smith WS, Lu Y, Dillon WP, et al. Contrast extravasation on CT predicts mortality in primary intracerebral hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Mar;29(3):520–5.

  • DeLano MC, DeMarco JK. 3.0 T versus 1.5 T MR angiography of the head and neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2006 May;16(2):321–41, xi.

  • Rincon F, Mayer SA. Clinical review: Critical care management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care Lond Engl. 2008;12(6):237.

  • Qureshi AI, Palesch YY. Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH) II: design, methods, and rationale. Neurocrit Care. 2011 Dec;15(3):559–76.

  • Hemphill JC, Greenberg SM, Anderson CS, Becker K, Bendok BR, Cushman M, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2015 Jul;46(7):2032–60.

  • Aguilar MI, Hart RG, Kase CS, Freeman WD, Hoeben BJ, García RC, et al. Treatment of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage: literature review and expert opinion. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Jan;82(1):82–92.

  • European Stroke Initiative Writing Committee, Writing Committee for the EUSI Executive Committee, Steiner T, Kaste M, Katse M, Forsting M, et al. Recommendations for the management of intracranial haemorrhage - part I: spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. The European Stroke Initiative Writing Committee and the Writing Committee for the EUSI Executive Committee. Cerebrovasc Dis Basel Switz. 2006;22(4):294–316.

  • Hanley DF, Lane K, McBee N, Ziai W, Tuhrim S, Lees KR, et al. Thrombolytic removal of intraventricular haemorrhage in treatment of severe stroke: results of the randomised, multicentre, multiregion, placebo-controlled CLEAR III trial. The Lancet. 2017 Feb;389(10069):603–11.

  • Morgenstern LB, Demchuk AM, Kim DH, Frankowski RF, Grotta JC. Rebleeding leads to poor outcome in ultra-early craniotomy for intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 2001 May 22;56(10):1294–9.

  • Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Mitchell PM, Murray GD, Rowan EN, Gholkar AR, et al. Surgical trial in lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (STICH II) protocol. Trials. 2011 May 17;12:124.

  • Wang W-Z, Jiang B, Liu H-M, Li D, Lu C-Z, Zhao Y-D, et al. Minimally invasive craniopuncture therapy vs. conservative treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from a randomized clinical trial in China. Int J Stroke Off J Int Stroke Soc. 2009 Feb;4(1):11–6.

  • Hemphill JC, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, Manley GT, Johnston SC. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2001 Apr;32(4):891–7.

  • Rost NS, Smith EE, Chang Y, Snider RW, Chanderraj R, Schwab K, et al. Prediction of functional outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage: the FUNC score. Stroke. 2008 Aug;39(8):2304–9.

  • Morgenstern LB, Hemphill JC, Anderson C, Becker K, Broderick JP, Connolly ES, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2010 Sep; 41(9):2108–29.


Abstract Views: 225

PDF Views: 0




  • Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Current Concepts

Abstract Views: 225  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Sudheer Ambekar
Department of Neurological Surgery, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, 15, Dr. Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai 400026, Maharashtra, India

Abstract


Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating condition. The most common cause of ICH is hypertension. Aggressive blood pressure management and surgical management in selected cases improves outcome. In this article the author discusses the various aspects of ICH and its management.

References