International Journal of Innovative Research and Development

Abstract

The important role of GIS in tactical military operation cannot be overemphazed because its applications had helped military forces to perform their role more effectively. Military forces had used GIS in various operations which include the intelligence, battle field management, terrain analysis, deployment of military troops, military installation management and monitoring of possible terrorist activity and these made forces versatile in the job by providing geospatial-information for commanders to visualize the areas of operation and making strong decisions during combat operation.  The focus of this paper is to apply Geographic Information System (GIS) in military operations in Riyom Local Government Area of Plateau State where they often have land dispute yearly which can lead to loss of life and properties. Methodology for the study included database design, acquisition of geometric data from Ikonos satellite image, generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, acquisition of attribute data through social survey, Garmin 12 Etrex was employed to capture the location of Towns, Military Base Camp, Army Check point, Health post, and other Facilities.1 m  Ikonos  resolution Satellite imagery was georefernced and extraction of  geometric features such as Roads, Rivers, and Boundary. Spatial analyses such as query, overlay, network analysis, terrain analysis were performed to derive useful information for the military operations in the study area.

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Yenagoa Local Government Area in Bayelsa State is one of major Local government areas that had high crime rates. Different data sources were employed; crime records of  three consecutively years (January, 2013 to December2013,January 2014 to December2014 and January 2015 to December 2015) were used in the classification of the types of crime with respect to the spots of occurrences, 1m resolution Ikonos image was georeferenced and features such as roads, rivers and boundaries were extracted and Township-facilities, police stations, and settlements x,y coordinates were obtained through the use of handheld GPS.  ArcGIS version 10.2.2 (2014) was used for the analyses and results revealed that there was a marked variation in the distribution of crime between and within the zones. The study revealed that theft and other stealing were the most common types of crime in the area with 528 cases accounting for 40.03%, assault accounted for 22.59%, while false pretense and cheating accounted for 9.63% and armed robbery for 6.82%. Murder has 4.47% while burglary and rape, indecent assault and house breaking have 4.02%, 3.71% and 3.64% respectively. The hotspots within the city wall was computed base on the formular derived and The buffered zones of 1.6Kms were used and it shown that places like Akumani, Okodia and Okotiama were not well adequately covered, areas of high and low frequency of crime occurrence were also highlighted and various maps were produced.

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Nigeria is currently being confronted by serious security challenges which include armed violence, stealing, Assault, ritual killing, violent conflict between groups, rapes, cultism or gang violence etc. These constitute immediate threats to security and development of the country. Lack of organized system of data collection, storage and analysis has been the major problem confronting the Nigeria Police in combating all forms of criminal activities in the country. The seriousness of crimes and violence in our society have led many people in deadly fear and people haunted by fearful thought of being mugged in the street, assaulted or vulnerable for rapping Protection of lives and security of properties by the police is the one of primary key function and Atiba Local Government Area of Oyo State is not an exception of these security challenges .Police is being an official of government and society saddled with the responsibilities for  preventing and control of crimes and to dislodged the activities of these criminals. The study was aimed at applying Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in analyzing crime pattern to determine its effectiveness and forecast the need for intelligence-led policing in the study area. Methodology involved database design, acquisition of geometric data from Ikonos satellite image and attribute data through social survey. Georeferencing and digitizing of satellite image was carried out in ArcGIS 10.0 software and spatial analyses performed included overlay operations, spatial query, buffering and road network analysis while the final information derived from the database were presented as maps.

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