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Hearing Thresholds among Type 2 Diabetics in Sokoto, Nigeria: A Comparative Study


Affiliations
1 Department of ENT, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
2 Department of Internal Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
 

BACKGROUND: It has been observed that diabetics have higher hearing threshold when compared with non – diabetics. This is likely due to microvascular changes in the ear.

AIMS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the pure tone audiometric profile of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to compare it with non – diabetic controls.

METHOD: This was a cross sectional study. The pure tone thresholds of consenting Type 2 diabetic patients and non – diabetic controls attending Endocrinology and General outpatient clinics of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital was measured for both ears after administering a pretested questionnaire and examining the patients.

DATA ANALYSIS: The pure tone average was calculated. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (IBM - SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

RESULTS: This study involved 170 consenting type 2 diabetic individuals and 170 consenting non-diabetic age and sex matched controls. Mean age of type 2 diabetics was 46.49±10.02 years, and 45.39±9.60 years for controls. Among the type 2 diabetic group, 57.6% were females, while 42.4% were males. Hearing loss was observed among 71.8% of type 2 diabetics and 7.1% of controls. Mean hearing thresholds (AC) among the study group was 32.06±12.31dB, and 16.72±7.71dB among the controls (p<0.0001). Mean hearing thresholds were found to be elevated across all tested frequencies in type 2 diabetics, and the difference with the control group was found to be significant for all frequencies (p<0.0001). Among the type 2 diabetics with hearing loss, 95% had sensorineural hearing loss, 71% being mild hearing loss.

CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was found to be related to hearing loss in this study. This study showed a crude prevalence of hearing loss among Type 2 diabetics of 71.8% and 7.1% among Non - diabetic controls. 


Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus, Pure Tone Audiometry, Hearing Loss, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital.
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  • Hearing Thresholds among Type 2 Diabetics in Sokoto, Nigeria: A Comparative Study

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Authors

Yikawe Semen Stephen
Department of ENT, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
Iseh Kufre Roberts
Department of ENT, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
Sabir Anas Ahmad
Department of Internal Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
Solomon Joseph Hassan
Department of ENT, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
Osisi Kingsley
Department of ENT, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

Abstract


BACKGROUND: It has been observed that diabetics have higher hearing threshold when compared with non – diabetics. This is likely due to microvascular changes in the ear.

AIMS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the pure tone audiometric profile of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to compare it with non – diabetic controls.

METHOD: This was a cross sectional study. The pure tone thresholds of consenting Type 2 diabetic patients and non – diabetic controls attending Endocrinology and General outpatient clinics of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital was measured for both ears after administering a pretested questionnaire and examining the patients.

DATA ANALYSIS: The pure tone average was calculated. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (IBM - SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

RESULTS: This study involved 170 consenting type 2 diabetic individuals and 170 consenting non-diabetic age and sex matched controls. Mean age of type 2 diabetics was 46.49±10.02 years, and 45.39±9.60 years for controls. Among the type 2 diabetic group, 57.6% were females, while 42.4% were males. Hearing loss was observed among 71.8% of type 2 diabetics and 7.1% of controls. Mean hearing thresholds (AC) among the study group was 32.06±12.31dB, and 16.72±7.71dB among the controls (p<0.0001). Mean hearing thresholds were found to be elevated across all tested frequencies in type 2 diabetics, and the difference with the control group was found to be significant for all frequencies (p<0.0001). Among the type 2 diabetics with hearing loss, 95% had sensorineural hearing loss, 71% being mild hearing loss.

CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was found to be related to hearing loss in this study. This study showed a crude prevalence of hearing loss among Type 2 diabetics of 71.8% and 7.1% among Non - diabetic controls. 


Keywords


Diabetes Mellitus, Pure Tone Audiometry, Hearing Loss, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital.

References