International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications

Neha Tayal ¹, Sangeeta Dhall ¹, Shailender Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, IN

Abstract

Steganography is an art and science of hiding the secret information into a carrier such as image, audio etc. in order to conceal the existence of the data. It can be broadly classified into two categories: Spatial (Time) and Frequency domain. The former technique preserves the quality of the cover image while the latter technique provides robustness during the embedding process. As mentioned, both the techniques have their certain pros. Therefore, in this paper a hybrid scheme based on the merits of the two has been proposed. The scheme is implemented in MATLAB-10 and various performance metrics such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Correlation coefficient, Time Complexity, Bit Error Rate(BER), effect of Gaussian Noise&salt&paper noise on image are used to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism in comparison to others in literature. The results show that the proposed mechanism is highly robust to various kinds of attacks and has low time complexity.

Keywords

Time Complexity, Cropping Attack, Noise, Steganography.

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Poonam ¹, Chander Kumar Nagpal ¹, Shailender Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Engineering, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, IN

Abstract

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an intelligent technology used to sense the spectrum in order to make efficient use of limited spectrum available. The use of such radios in ad hoc network not only increases the probability of reach ability but also provides a reliable path between a pair of nodes. Networks that employ CR technology are termed as Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHN). Quality of route depends upon several parameters but it is highly influenced by end to end delay encountered by a packet to reach from source to destination. More is the end to end delay; lesser will be the efficiency of the network. End to end delay is directly concerned with the reliability of data transfer. Therefore this paper proposes a routing scheme that obtains a most reliable route with minimum end to end delay using fuzzy logic theory. The proposed strategy is implemented in MATLAB-7.0 and the simulation results show that our proposed routing scheme outperforms the traditional Shortest Spectrum Aware routing scheme available in literature.

Keywords

Delay, Cognitive Radio Networks, Channel Assignment, Fuzzy Expert System.

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