International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications

Mohamed A. Ryan ¹, Sayed Nouh ¹, Tarek M. Salem ², Abdelhady M. Naguib ¹

Affiliations
1 Computers and Systems Department, Al Azhar University, Cairo, EG
2 Electronics Research Institute, Computers and Systems Department, Cairo, EG

Abstract

”Mobile Ad Hoc Network” (MANET) is composed of a set of wireless mobile nodes, it is a self-organized environment which does not need any infrastructure. The topology of this type of network is formed dynamically and the mobility feature of the nodes causes rapid, unpredictable and frequent network topology changes. All nodes in this network are mobile in nature and driven by batteries, that could cause link breakage if a battery of a node goes empty. Rapid topology change and the limited resources in these networks made designing an efficient routing protocol a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a new route discovery scheme of AODV that reduces routing overhead, prolong route life time, and relatively minimum hop counts. The suggested scheme is called EDAAODV, where the route is selected using two main metrics: node energy factor and node distance from its transmitting predecessor node. The proposed scheme has been implemented using network simulator (NS2. Ver.2.31). The emulation results indicate that, the performance of EDA-AODV outperforms the original AODV from point of view: throughput, number of alive nodes, normalized routing load and overall hop count.

Keywords

AODV, Energy Aware, EDA-AODV, RREQ and RREP.

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Mohamed A. Ryan ¹, Sayed Nouh ¹, Aly M. El-Semary ¹

Affiliations
1 Systems and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EG

Abstract

“Mobile Ad Hoc Network” (MANET) comprises a set of mobile nodes that communicate wirelessly and operate in a self-organized environment that requires no infrastructure. This network type dynamically forms its topology in which the nodes' mobility leads to rapid, unpredictable, and frequent changes in the dedicated topology. Routing process in such environment is a challenge. In addition, the lack of centralization administration makes MANET subject to intrusions. “Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector” (AODV) protocol is among the most widely deployed routing protocol in MANET. Unfortunately, is susceptible to black hole attacks in which intruders utilize the protocol nature to infiltrate the network and execute their malicious activities. Therefore, the paper discusses and analyzes the latest existed solutions used to protect against black hole attacks. In addition, it categorizes the current solutions according to the deployed technology to provide the reader with state-of-the-art approaches.

Keywords

AODV, Attack, Black Hole, MANET, Malicious, Reputation, Route Discovery, RREP, RREQ, Sequence Number, Trust Value.

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