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Ramkumar, J.

Improved Wolf Prey Inspired Protocol for Routing in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract Views :269 | PDF Views:0

Authors

J. Ramkumar ¹, R. Vadivel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, VLB Janakiammal College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Information Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, Vol 7, No 5 (2020), Pagination: 126-136

Abstract

Fifth Generation (5G) technology has started providing the brand new facilities to the mobile communication world. With its enhanced performance and scalability, it has attracted many domains. Routing overhead in 5G networks is increased rapidly because of the complexity present in the route discovery process, where optimization in routing. Poor routing becomes a sophisticated and dynamic challenge in the 5G network. Hence, there exists a need for finding the best route in an optimized manner. This paper proposes an Improved Wolf Prey Inspired Protocol (IWPIP) for finding the ideal route in the dynamic environment like 5G based cognitive radio ad-hoc network. IWPIP focuses on finding the ideal route based on the reliability of route, shorter distance, and shorter hops that minimize the consumption of energy to increase the network lifetime. Before sending the data packets, routes are evaluated using a fitness function. IWPIP's efficiency has been demonstrated through comprehensive simulation, which resulted in promising outcomes in terms of throughput, packet delivery and drop ratio, delay, and energy consumption.

Keywords

Optimization, Routing, Bio-Inspired, Energy, Delay, Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks, Wolf Prey Inspired Protocol.

Full Text

References

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J.Ramkumar and R.Vadivel, "Improved frog leap inspired protocol (IFLIP) – for routing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHN)", World Journal of Engineering, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 306-311, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJE-08-2017-0260

J.Ramkumar and R.Vadivel, "CSIP—Cuckoo Search Inspired Protocol for Routing in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks", Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 556, pp. 145-153, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3874-7_14

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J.Ramkumar and R.Vadivel, "Intelligent Fish Swarm Inspired Protocol (IFSIP) For Dynamic Ideal Routing in Cognitive Radio Ad-Hoc Networks", International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, Vol. 10, pp. 2-11. 2020. https://journal.uob.edu.bh:443/handle/123456789/3961

R. Rahim, S. Murugan, S. Priya, S. Magesh and R. Manikandan, "Taylor Based Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm (TGWOA) For Energy Aware Secure Routing Protocol", International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 93, 2020. https://doi.org/10.22247/ijcna/2020/196041

Query Aware Routing Protocol for Mobility Enabled Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract Views :206 | PDF Views:2

Authors

M. Lingaraj ¹, T. N. Sugumar ², C. Stanly Felix ², J. Ramkumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Sankara College of Science and Commerce, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Computing, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Computer Science, VLB Janakiammal College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, Vol 8, No 3 (2021), Pagination: 258-267

Abstract

Mobility Enabled Wireless Sensor Network (MEWSN) plays a significant role in different fields including environmental control, traffic control and healthcare. The performance of MEWSN is dependent not only on sensing but also on routing. Multiple research works are carried out by different researchers in the domain of routing in MEWSN, but still the performance of MEWSN gets lacked. Poor routing is the ischolar_main cause for the performance degradation of MEWSN. In this paper, a new routing protocol namely Query Aware Routing Protocol (QARP) is proposed to balance the load in MEWSN to prevent congestion and exhausted power utilization. Normal routing protocols either seek to match load or route, but both are considered in QARP. Also, identified routes are classified based on an enhanced relevant vector machine classification algorithm which assists in minimizing the delay and energy consumption. Using NS2, QARP is evaluated against previous routing protocols with standard performance metrics namely throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption. The packet delivery ratio achieved by QARP is 92.6%, where the existing routing protocols IFLIP and PARP has achieved 62.8% and 75.4% respectively.

Keywords

WSN, MEWSN, Routing, Query, Load, Congestion.

Full Text

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Whale Optimization Routing Protocol for Minimizing Energy Consumption in Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract Views :264 | PDF Views:1

Authors

J. Ramkumar ¹, R. Vadivel ²

Source

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, Vol 8, No 4 (2021), Pagination: 455-464

Abstract

Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Networks (CR-WSN) works on nodes that are dependent on batteries. A critical problem with CR-WSN is a lack of energy, especially in situations such as warfare where rapid and aggressive action is needed. The battery level of nodes degrades CR-WSN performance. Researchers face significant difficulty developing a routing protocol for CR-WSN, and that obstacle is posed by energy consumption to deliver a packet. A substantial number of nodes reside in CR-WSN. Every node in CR-WSN is constrained by battery. To minimize network cost, it should be feasible to have the routing protocol used for CR-WSN to be energy efficient. This paper proposes an optimization-based routing protocol, namely Whale Optimization Routing Protocol (WORP), for identifying the best route in CR-WSN to minimize the delay and lead to network efficiency. WORP draws inspiration from the behaviors of whales as they forage, similar to their hunting activity. By prioritizing residual energy and the total energy of the nodes in the route, WORP encourages energy-aware route selection. WORP is examined via simulation with NS2 against current routing protocols. Benchmark performance metrics are used to assess the effectiveness of WORP. Results make an indication that WORP has superior performance than current routing protocols in CR-WSN.

Keywords

WSN, CR-WSN, Routing, Optimization, Delay, Energy Consumption.

Full Text

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J. Ramkumar and R. Vadivel, “Bee inspired secured protocol for routing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks,” IIndianJpurnal of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 30, pp. 3059–3069, 2020. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i30.1152.

J. Ramkumar and R. Vadivel, “Meticulous elephant herding optimization based protocol for detecting intrusions in cognitive radio ad hoc networks,” Int. J. Emerg. Trends Eng. Res., vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 4549–4554, 2020. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/82882020.

Dr.R.Vadivel and J.Ramkumar. “QoS-Enabled Improved Cuckoo Search-Inspired Protocol (ICSIP) for IoT-Based Healthcare Applications”, Incorporating the Internet of Things in Healthcare Applications and Wearable Devices, Chapter 6, Pages 109-121, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1090-2.ch006.

J. Ramkumar and R. Vadivel, “Intelligent Fish Swarm Inspired Protocol (IFSIP) For Dynamic Ideal Routing in Cognitive Radio Ad-Hoc Networks,” Int. J. Comput. Digit. Syst., vol. 10, pp. 2–11, 2020, Accessed: Dec. 02, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://journals.uob.edu.bh.

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M. Lingaraj, T. N. Sugumar, C. Stanly Felix and J. Ramkumar, "Query Aware Routing Protocol for Mobility Enabled Wireless Sensor Network", International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA), vol. 8, no.3, pp. 258-267, 2021. https://doi.org/10.22247/ijcna/2021/209192.

S. Boopalan and S. Jayasankari, "Dolphin Swarm Inspired Protocol (DSIP) for Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks", International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA), vol. 8, no.1, pp. 44–53, 2021. https://doi.org/10.22247/ijcna/2021/207981.

Constrained Cuckoo Search Optimization Based Protocol for Routing in Cloud Network

Abstract Views :210 | PDF Views:1

Authors

J. Ramkumar ¹, R. Vadivel ², B. Narasimhan ³

Affiliations
1 PG and Research Department of Computer Science, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Information Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Computer Technology, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, Vol 8, No 6 (2021), Pagination: 795-803

Abstract

Cloud Computing (CC) is the process of providing on-demand data to the user via the internet. In CC, users don't need to manage data storage and computational power actively. Finding the best route in a cloud network is entirely different from other general networks which it is due to high scalability. Protocols developed for other general networks will never suit or give better performance in cloud networks due to its scalability. This paper proposes a bio-inspired protocol for routing in a cloud network, namely Constrained Cuckoo Search Optimization-based Protocol (CCSOP). The routing strategy of CCSOP is inspired by the natural characteristics of the cuckoo bird towards finding a nest to lay its eggs. Levy Flight concept is applied with different constraints to enhance optimization performance towards finding the best route in a cloud network that minimizes energy consumption. CCSOP is evaluated in Greencloud using benchmark network performance metrics against the current routing protocols. The efficacy of CCSOP is evaluated using benchmark performance measures. CCSOP appears to outperform current cloud network routing protocols in terms of energy consumption.

Keywords

Cuckoo, Cloud, Energy, Flight, Levy, Optimization, Routing, Scalability.

Full Text

References

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AFSORP: Adaptive Fish Swarm Optimization-Based Routing Protocol for Mobility Enabled Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract Views :173 | PDF Views:1

Authors

D. Jayaraj ¹, J. Ramkumar ², M. Lingaraj ³, B. Sureshkumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamalai University, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Computer Science, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Computer Science and Applications, Sankara College of Science and Commerce, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Computer and Information Science, Annamalai University, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, Vol 10, No 1 (2023), Pagination: 119-129

Abstract

Advances in information and communication technology and electronics have led to a surge in interest in mobility-enabled wireless sensor networks (MEWSN). These minuscule sensor nodes collect data, process it, and then transmit it via a radio frequency channel to a central station or sink. Most of the time, MEWSNs are placed in hazardous or difficult-to-access locations. To increase the lifespan of a network, available resources must be utilized as efficiently as possible. The whole network connection collapses if even one node loses power, rendering the deployment's goals moot. Therefore, much MEWSN research has focused on energy efficiency, with energy-efficient routing protocols being a key component. This paper proposes an Adaptive Fish Swarm Optimization-based Routing Protocol (AFSORP) for identifying the best route in MEWSN. AFSORP functions based on the natural characteristics of fish. The two most important steps in AFSORP are chasing and blocking, which respectively seek the optimal route and choose the appropriate route to send data from the source node to the destination node. Standard network performance measurements are used to assess AFSORP with the help of the GNS3 simulator. The results show that AFSORP performs better than the existing routing methods.

Keywords

Routing, Mobility, WSN, MEWSN, Optimization, Fish, Energy.

Full Text

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Minimizing Energy Consumption in Vehicular Sensor Networks Using Relentless Particle Swarm Optimization Routing

Abstract Views :133 | PDF Views:1

Authors

A. Senthilkumar ¹, J. Ramkumar ², M. Lingaraj ³, D. Jayaraj ⁴, B. Sureshkumar ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science, Skyline University, NG
2 Department of Computer Science, Dr. N.G.P. Arts and Science College, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Computer Science and Applications, Sankara College of Science and Commerce, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, IN
5 Department of Computer and Information Science, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, IN

Source

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications, Vol 10, No 2 (2023), Pagination: 217-230

Abstract

Increasing traffic issues, particularly in highly populated nations, have prompted recent interest in Vehicular Sensor Networks (VSNETs) from academics in several fields. Accident rates continue to rise, highlighting the need for a highly functional Smart Transport System (STS). Improvements to the STS should not be spread thin across the board but should concentrate on improving traffic flow, maintaining system reliability, and decreasing vehicle carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Current routing protocols for VSNETs consider various scenarios and approaches to provide safe and effective vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. The reliability of vehicle connections during data transmission has not been well explored. This paper proposes a Relentless Particle Swarm Optimization based Routing Protocol (RPSORP) for VSNET to use vehicle kinematics and mobility to identify vehicle location, send routing information packets to road-side devices, and choose the most reliable path for travel. RPSORP optimizes local and global search to minimize energy consumption in VSNET. The RPSORP is evaluated in the GNS3 simulator using Throughput, Packet Delivery, Delay, and Energy Consumption metrics. RPSORP has superior performance than state-of-the-art routing protocols.

Keywords

VSNET, Routing, Swarming, PSO, Local-Search, Global-Search.

Full Text

References

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