Journal of Horticultural Sciences

K. Anjaneyulu ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta lake post, Bangalore-560 089, IN

Abstract

Soil samples collected from a survey of fifty onion growing fields in Karnataka were analyzed for various macro and micronutrients for establishing a data bank to develop soil nutrient norms. By using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), the whole population was divided into two sub-groups namely, low and high yielding and selected nutrient expressions that have shown higher variance and lower coefficient of variation as diagnostic norms, viz K/N (1.229), S/N (0.238), Ca/N (20.62), P/Zn (37.41), Mg/K (0.6.859), Fe/Mg (0.004), Fe/Zn (5.736) etc. In addition, five nutrient ranges have been derived using mean and standard deviation as low, deficient, optimum, high and excess for each nutrient to serve as a guide for diagnostic purpose. The optimum organic carbon ranged from 7.1 to 11.0 g kg^-1, N from 115 to 178 mg kg^-1, P from 26 to 38 mg kg^-1 , K from 163 to 217 mg kg^-1, Ca from 2199 to 3398 mg kg^-1 , Mg from 802 to 1167 mg kg^-1 and S from 34 to 43 mg kg^-1. Among DTPA extractable micronutrients, the optimum iron ranged from 3.40 to 4.34 mg kg^-1, manganese from 5.84 to 6.66 mg kg^-1, zinc from 0.67 to 1.01 mg kg^-1 and copper from 1.70 to 2.11 mg kg^-1 for onion. The diagnosis of nutrient imbalance identified through DRIS indices indicated that organic carbon, phosphorus and zinc were the most common yield limiting nutrients in onion.

Keywords

Nutrients, Norms, DRIS Indices, Onion.

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K. Anjaneyulu ¹, H. B. Raghupathi ¹, M. K. Chandraprakash ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-560 089, IN

Abstract

Multivariate nutrient diagnostic norms were developed for guava using compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) through leaf nutrient concentration vs. yield data bank. CND norms for N (V_N), P (V_P) and K (V_K) were 2.48, 0.23 and 2.13, respectively. Norms for N and K were much higher compared to P, indicating higher requirement of these two nutrients. CND norms are multivariate norms that consider all elements, including unmeasured factors and, therefore, has higher diagnostic sensitivity. Among micronutrients, Fe requirement was much higher than all other nutrients. Interaction among different nutrients was explained by principal component analysis conducted on log-transformed data which produced four significant PCs, explaining about 73.66% of the variance. The four Eigen values added up to 8.1 denoting the four significant PCs. The first PC was positively correlated with P, Zn and R (residue, which is a reflection of dry matter accumulation in the plant) and negatively correlated with Ca, Mg, S and Fe, indicating that P and Zn behaved in one direction and the other elements in opposite direction. In the second PC, antagonistic effect of N, Fe with P and Cu was evident. In PC3, P and Mg were negatively correlated with Mn and Cu. In PC4, N and S showed their behaviour in the same direction. Diagnostic norms developed were used for identification of yield-limiting nutrients in low-yielding orchards. Thus, diagnostic norms and nutrient interactions help evolve nutrient management strategies for guava to realize higher yields and better quality.

Keywords

Nutrients, Diagnosis, Norms, CND, PCA, Guava.

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K. Anjaneyulu ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560 089, IN

Abstract

Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) identified forty-five nutrient expressions as diagnostic norms from data colleted by surveying seventy-four sapota gardens in Karnataka and dividing the whole population into two sub-groups, namely, low and high yielding, during the year 2005-06. These expressions have shown higher variance and lower coefficient of variation found to have greater diagnostic precision, viz., N/K (0.989), Mg/N (0.264), N/Zn (0.117), Mg/K (0.258), Zn/K (8.609), S/Mg (0.666), Mg/Zn (0.031) etc. The Nutritional Balance Index indicated an overall imbalance of nutrients based on the sum of indices, irrespective of the sign. The diagnosis of nutrient imbalance through DRIS indices indicated that potassium, followed by nitrogen, was the most yieldlimiting nutrient among major nutrients and as were copper and zinc among micronutrients. In addition, five nutrient ranges were derived using mean and standard deviation as low, deficient, optimum, high and excess for each nutrient to serve as a guide for diagnostic purposes. Optimum N in the leaf ranged from 1.60 to 1.85%, P from 0.10 to 0.13%, K from 1.63 to 1.85%, Ca from 0.54 to 0.74%, Mg from 0.42 to 0.47% and S from 0.28 to 0.37%. Among micronutrients, optimum iron concentration in the leaf ranged from 113 to 161 ppm, Mn from 21-31 ppm, Zn from 14 to 17 ppm and Cu from 5 to 7 ppm for 'Criketball' variety of sapota.

Keywords

Sapota, Index Tissue, Nutrient Norms, DRIS, Nutritional Balance Index.

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B. Savita ¹, K. Anjaneyulu ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore- 560 089, IN

Abstract

A survey was conducted in 106 orchards growing sapota cv. Kalipatti in Raichur, Dharwad and Belgaum districts of Northern Karnataka for developing leaf nutrient norms through Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) for nutrient management. Leaf samples collected were processed and analyzed for macro-and micronutrient status and a data bank was established. The entire population was divided into two sub-groups, namely, low-and high-yielding types to derive the norms. Fifty-five nutrient expressions were chosen as diagnostic norms using DRIS, which have shown higher variance and lower coefficient of variation that are found to have greater diagnostic precision viz., N/K (1.731), N/Ca (0.928), Mg/N (0.360), Fe/N (99.89), N/Cu (0.104), N/B (0.037), Mg/Ca (0.329), Ca/B (0.040), Mg/S (1.103), Fe/Mg (278.6), Mg/Zn (0.037), Mg/B (0.013), Fe/Zn (10.39) etc. The nutritional balance index (NBI) indicated an overall imbalance of nutrients based on sum of the indices, irrespective of sign. Diagnosis of nutrient imbalance through DRIS indices indicated that potassium, boron and zinc to be the most common yield-limiting nutrients in the orchards. In addition, five nutrient ranges/standards were derived using mean and standard deviation as deficient, low, optimum, high and excess for each nutrient, to serve as a guide for diagnostics. Optimum leaf N ranged from 1.51 to 2.09%, P from 0.06 to 0.15% and K from 0.83 to 1.44%. The optimum concentration ranged from 1.36 to 2.34% for Ca, 0.54 to 0.68% for Mg and 0.48 to 0.80 for S. Among the micronutrients, optimum Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B concentrations ranged from 109 to 206 mg kg^-1, 49 to 99 mg kg^-1, 13.3 to 21.9 mg kg^-1, 3.76 to 9.10 mg kg^-1 and 34.8 to 66.8 mg kg^-1, respectively, for sapota cv. Kalipatti.

Keywords

DRIS, Norms, Indices, Nutrients, Sapota, Kalipatti.

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K. Anjaneyulu ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560 089, IN

Abstract

Leaf samples collected from protected cultivation units of rose around Bangalore (Karnataka) and Hosur (Tamil Nadu), when flower buds were at pea size, were processed and analyzed for various nutrients and thus, the data bank was established. By using Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), nutrient expressions, which have shown higher variance and lower coefflcient of variation, were selected as norms viz, N/P(13.02), K/N(0.85), N/S(11.10), P/S(0.853), K/P(11.0), N/Ca(2.18), N/Mg(7.18) etc. In addition, five nutrient ranges have been derived using mean and standard deviation as low, deficient, optimum, high and excess for each nutrient to serve as a guide for diagnostic purpose. The optimum N ranged from 2.53 to 2.96% , P from 0.19 to 0.23%, K from 2.23 to 2.72%, Ca from 1.15 to 1.59%, Mg from 0.41 to 0.55% and S from 0.21 to 0.27%. Among the micronutrients, the optimum Zn ranged from 28 to 64 ppm, Fe from 176 to 240 ppm, Mn from 107 to 175 ppm and Cu from 13 to 21 ppm for roses under protected conditions. The diagnosis of nutrient imbalance (DRIS indices) indicated that the most common yield limiting nutrients were potassium and magnesium among the macronutrients and iron and zinc among the micronutrients in protected cultivation units of rose.

Keywords

Nutrients, Norms, DRIS Indices, Rose, Protected Conditions.

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